Disease outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water use.

Abstract:

:Annual overviews of waterborne disease outbreaks associated with untreated recreational water use provided by authorities responsible for bathing-water quality and public health in The Netherlands revealed 742 outbreaks during 1991-2007 mainly comprising of skin conditions (48%) and gastroenteritis (31%) and involving at least 5623 patients. The number of outbreaks per bathing season correlated with the number of days with temperatures over 25°C (r=0.8-0.9), but was not reduced through compliance with European bathing-water legislation (r=0.1), suggesting that monitoring of faecal indicator parameters and striving for compliance with water-quality standards may not sufficiently protect bathers. Bathing sites were prone to incidental faecal contamination events or environmental conditions that favoured the growth of naturally occurring pathogens. Identification of all possible contamination sources, awareness of changes that might negatively affect water quality, and provision of adequate information to the public are important preventive measures to protect public health.

journal_name

Epidemiol Infect

authors

Schets FM,De Roda Husman AM,Havelaar AH

doi

10.1017/S0950268810002347

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-07-01 00:00:00

pages

1114-25

issue

7

eissn

0950-2688

issn

1469-4409

pii

S0950268810002347

journal_volume

139

pub_type

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