Abstract:
:Formate is a substrate, or product, of diverse reactions catalyzed by eukaryotic organisms, eubacteria, and archaebacteria. A survey of metabolic groups reveals that formate is a common growth substrate, especially among the anaerobic eubacteria and archaebacteria. Formate also functions as an accessory reductant for the utilization of more complex substrates, and an intermediate in energy-conserving pathways. The diversity of reactions involving formate dehydrogenases is apparent in the structures of electron acceptors which include pyridine nucleotides, 5-deazaflavin, quinones, and ferredoxin. This diversity of electron acceptors is reflected in the composition of formate dehydrogenase. Studies on these enzymes have contributed to the biochemical and genetic understanding of selenium, molybdenum, tungsten, and iron in biology. The regulation of formate dehydrogenase synthesis serves as a model for understanding general principles of regulation in anaerobic organisms.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Ferry JGdoi
10.1111/j.1574-6968.1990.tb04940.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-12-01 00:00:00pages
377-82issue
3-4eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Water is one of the most important bacterial habitats on Earth. As such, water represents also a major way of dissemination of bacteria between different environmental compartments. Human activities led to the creation of the so-called urban water cycle, comprising different sectors (waste, surface, drinking water), a...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12062
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, it is suggested that specificity and non-specificity in (oral) microbial adhesion are different expressions for the same phenomena. It is argued that the same basic, physicochemical forces are responsible for so-called 'non-specific' and 'specific' binding and that from a physico-chemical point of view ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb04988.x
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::What a living organism looks like and how it works and what are its components-all this is encoded on DNA, the genetic blueprint. Consequently, the way to change an organism is to change its genetic information. Since the first pieces of recombinant DNA have been used to transform cells in the 1970s, this approach has...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv030
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::O-antigen polysaccharide is a major immunogenic feature of the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative bacteria, and most species produce a large variety of forms that differ substantially from one another. There are 18 known O-antigen forms in the Yersinia pseudotuberculosis complex, which are typical in being composed o...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fux002
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, there has been accumulating evidence that antibiotics, besides their antimicrobial action, potentially have a number of undesired side effects that can, at least in some cases, promote genetic variability of bacteria. In addition to resistant variants, antibiotics have also been shown to select mutato...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2009.00165.x
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing numbers of characterized base-pairing small RNAs (sRNAs) and the identification of these regulators in a broad range of bacteria are allowing comparisons between species and explorations of sRNA evolution. In this review, we describe some examples of trans-encoded base-pairing sRNAs that are species-spe...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv014
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conditions that sustain constant bacterial growth are seldom found in nature. Oligotrophic environments and competition among microorganisms force bacteria to be able to adapt quickly to rough and changing situations. A particular lifestyle composed of continuous cycles of growth and starvation is commonly referred to...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00213.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00229.x
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The head assembly pathway of bacteriophage HK97 shares many features with head assembly pathways determined for other dsDNA phages, and it also provides examples of novel variations on the basic theme. We describe aspects of two specific steps in the assembly pathway, the covalent cross-linking among the assembled hea...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00186.x
更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many fungi produce exocellular beta-glucan-degrading enzymes, the beta-glucanases including the noncellulolytic beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucanases, degrading beta-(1,3)- and beta-(1,6)-glucans. An ability to purify several exocellular beta-glucanases attacking the same linkage type from a single fungus is common, a...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00055.x
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00119.x
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribonuclease P is the endonuclease required for generating the mature tRNA 5'-end. The ribonucleoprotein character of this enzyme has now been proven in most organisms and organelles. Exceptions, however, are still the chloroplasts, plant nuclei and animal mitochondria where no associated RNAs have been detected to da...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1999.tb00406.x
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial step of methanogenesis from CO2 is the formation of formyl-methanofuran (formyl-MFR) from methanofuran (MFR), CO2 and H2. The enzymology of this novel type of CO2 fixation reaction has been difficult to study because formyl-MFR synthesis is subject to a complex activation. Recently, however, a number of ad...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0378-1097(90)90473-4
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv036
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the last decade, a variety of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides or bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria have been identified and characterized. As a result of these studies, insight has been gained into fundamental aspects of biology and biochemistry such as producer self protection, membrane-...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00534.x
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The urogenital tract appears to be the only niche of the human body that shows clear differences in microbiota between men and women. The female reproductive tract has special features in terms of immunological organization, an epithelial barrier, microbiota, and influence by sex hormones such as estrogen. While the u...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/1574-6976.12029
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00216.x
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00558.x
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fungal mycelial by-products from fermentation industries present a considerable affinity for soluble metal ions (e.g. Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb, Cr, Ag) and could be used in biosorption processes for purification of contaminated effluents. In this work the influence of pH on sorption parameters is characterized by measuring the ...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1994.tb00106.x
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initiation of transcription is the most important step for gene regulation in eubacteria. To initiate transcription, RNA polymerase has to associate with a small protein, known as a sigma-factor. The sigma-factor directs RNA polymerase to a specific class of promoter sequences. Most bacterial species synthesize se...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1998.tb00364.x
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralizat...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00335.x
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/femsre/fuw018
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Respiratory syncytial virus is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, with no effective treatment or vaccine available. Steady progress has been made in understanding the respiratory syncytial virus life cycle and the consequences of infection, but many areas of respiratory syncytial virus b...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00025.x
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The successful genetic manipulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the increased production of solvents will depend on an understanding of gene structure and regulation in the bacterium. The glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene is regulated by antisense RNA, transcribed from a downstream promoter, in the opposite direc...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00213.x
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glucuronide and sulfate conjugation are important pathways in the peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormone. These reactions occur predominantly in the liver, and especially the glucuronides are excreted in the bile. Although an enterohepatic circulation after intestinal hydrolysis of iodothyronine conjugates is sugges...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02709.x-i1
更新日期:1988-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nickel is an essential nutrient for selected microorganisms where it participates in a variety of cellular processes. Many microbes are capable of sensing cellular nickel ion concentrations and taking up this nutrient via nickel-specific permeases or ATP-binding cassette-type transport systems. The metal ion is specif...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0168-6445(03)00042-1
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and enzymes that oxidize As(III) to As(V) or reduce As(V) to As(III). Formation and degradation of organoarsenicals, for example methylarsenic comp...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00617.x
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. In contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate DNA pro...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00343.x
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium that is found throughout various environments. Members of the species P. putida show a diverse spectrum of metabolic activities, which is indicative of their adaptation to various niches, which includes the ability to live in soils and sediments con...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00249.x
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become increasingly and widely recognised that bacteria do not exist as solitary cells, but are colonial organisms that exploit elaborate systems of intercellular communication to facilitate their adaptation to changing environmental conditions. The languages by which bacteria communicate take the form of chemi...
journal_title:FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/j.1574-6976.2001.tb00583.x
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00