Abstract：
OPINION STATEMENT:Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), including autistic disorder (autism), Asperger's disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD NOS), are neurodevelopmental disorders of childhood onset. These disorders persist throughout the lifespan of affected individuals and are characterized by impaired social behavior and communication, along with repetitive, stereotypic behaviors. Early diagnosis and subsequent behavioral therapy have been shown to improve outcomes for these individuals. Risperidone and aripiprazole have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of irritability associated with autism in children and adolescents. Despite their efficacy, use of these medications is limited by their side effects. In individuals with severe irritability, the first-line treatment is often risperidone. Because of its relatively lower risk of weight gain and metabolic side effects, aripiprazole may be used initially if there is a personal or family history of obesity or diabetes. Monitoring of body mass index and metabolic profiles is indicated with both medications. Stereotypic behaviors associated with autism, though clearly driven by neurobiologic processes, can also be understood as coping mechanisms used to decrease anxiety. From this perspective, therapies targeting reduction of these symptoms may be contraindicated. However, when these symptoms are severe and interfering, pharmacotherapy may be necessary. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors are of limited efficacy in children and adolescents, but risperidone and aripiprazole have been shown to reduce these symptoms. There remains a need for further safety and efficacy research in this area. Hyperactivity and inattention are currently treated with a variety of medications, including guanfacine, which has a relatively benign side effect profile. Stimulant medications are generally avoided as first-line treatment for hyperactivity because of concerns about increased irritability. Currently, social impairment is best addressed through behavioral therapy and social skills training. Novel pharmacotherapies to improve social impairment are in the early stages of research.
journal_name
Curr Treat Options Neuroljournal_title
Current treatment options in neurologyauthors
Wink LK,Erickson CA,McDougle CJdoi
10.1007/s11940-010-0091-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-11-01 00:00:00pages
529-38issue
6eissn
1092-8480issn
1534-3138journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Children surviving the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with neurologic illness or injury have long-term morbidities in physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning termed postintensive care syndrome (PICS). In this article, we review acute and longitudinal management strategies availabl...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0586-x
更新日期：2019-09-27 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:When treating a person with epilepsy, one must consider many factors in addition to the obvious need to treat the seizures. Both epilepsy itself and treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) subject one to numerous potential secondary long-term health concerns. Poor bone health is one of these concern...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-011-0133-x
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromyelitis optica (NMO, Devic's syndrome) is characterized by concurrence of optic neuritis and transverse myelitis, typically associated with a lesion in the spinal cord extending over three or more vertebral segments. It is an inflammatory, demyelinating central nervous system disorder, and although it is most co...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0007-z
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The neurorehabilitation program for cerebral palsy changes over time. During the first 2 years of life, an infant stimulation program with an emphasis on more than just improving motor deficits is emphasized. The importance of involvement of a knowledgeable therapist cannot be overemphasized. Realistic expectations mu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-000-0011-4
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:High-grade or malignant gliomas are aggressive cancers. The World Health Organization (WHO) grading system recognizes grade III and grade IV primary brain tumors of astrocytic, oligodendroglial, or mixed lineage. Identification of these tumors is prompted by symptoms such as insidious headaches, seizu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0077-6
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:A patient presenting with suspected primary central nervous system (CNS) vasculitis is often difficult to manage. Once the diagnosis is suspected, the clinical course may already be severe and warrant timely aggressive treatment with potentially toxic drugs. Definitive diagnosis is often delayed, requ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-013-0227-8
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of visual snow (VS) and provide information regarding current treatment options for VS. Visual snow (VS) is a rare disorder manifesting with a persistent visual phenomenon of seeing numerous tiny snow-like dots throughout the visual field, and it ca...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0448-3
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:All patients who present with subarachnoid hemorrhage should be admitted to the intensive care unit for close neurologic and cardiorespiratory monitoring. Neurosurgical consultation should be obtained if external ventricular drain placement, arteriography, or surgical planning are considered. Seizure prophylaxis, anti...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-999-0010-z
更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vision disturbances following traumatic brain injury (TBI) include anomalies of accommodation, version, vergence (nonstrabismic, as well as strabismic), photosensitivity, visual field integrity, and ocular health. Traumatic brain injury patients with complex diplopia patterns, noncomitant strabismic anomalies, and adv...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-002-0027-z
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Narcolepsy is a severe, incurable, neurological disorder that is treated by pharmacological management of its symptoms. The main symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and cataplexy, although addition symptoms that may require treatment include sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0347-4
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After a patient has initiated an antiepileptic drug (AED) and achieved a sustained period of seizure freedom, the bias towards continuing therapy indefinitely can be substantial. Studies show that the rate of seizure recurrence after AED withdrawal is about two to three times the rate in patients who continue AEDs, bu...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0083-8
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard guiding diagnostic and therapeutic management in glioma with its high resolution and possibility to depict blood-brain-barrier disruption when contrast medium is applied. In light of the shifting paradigms revealing distinct tumor subtypes based on...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0384-z
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple pharmacologic treatments have been studied, but propranolol and primidone have proven to be the most effective medications. It is unlikely that a patient will respond miraculously to another medication if his or her response to propranolol and primidone is minimal. Some subsets of essential tremor, however, s...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-999-0027-3
更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sleep disorders can have a significant impact on the growth and development of children. Behavioral intervention is the first step in the management of many sleep disorders. Limit-setting is particularly challenging in younger children but must be consistent. Good sleep hygiene practices must be emphasized to adolesce...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-007-0042-1
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment is associated with multiple short- and long-term side effects. Effects on endocrine function, including weight change, reproductive function, thyroid function, and bone health are examples of these side effects. Some AEDs affect weight, resulting in weight gain or loss. Levetiracetam...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0037-8
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Non-rapid eye movement parasomnias are unique physical or experiential phenomena that disrupt sleep. Non-rapid eye movement parasomnias are common in children, but they typically outgrow them. Sleep-stage shifts caused by sleep-disordered breathing and associated arousals may be precipitating events for episodes of pa...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-004-0032-5
更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Use of cannabinoids as medications has a long history. Unfortunately, the prohibition of cannabis and its classification in 1970 as a schedule 1 drug has been a major obstacle in studying these agents in a systematic, controlled manner. The number of class 1 studies (randomized, double-blind, placebo-...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-015-0370-5
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:The management of herpes zoster (HZ) usually involves a multidisciplinary approach aiming to reduce complications and morbidity. Patients with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) are referred to ophthalmologists for prevention or treatment of its potential complications. Without prompt detection and trea...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0098-1
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW:Psychosis is broadly defined as a disengagement from reality. It describes syndromes that impair both thought content and thought process. Psychosis negatively impacts an individual's quality of life, in addition to the families caring for them. Psychosis with different types of hallucinations and...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0545-6
更新日期：2019-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Medical management, the mainstay of treatment for partial epilepsy, involves choosing from an array of antiseizure drugs, most of which have comparable efficacy against partial-onset seizures. Effective treatment strategies involve matching the characteristics of drug and patient to control seizures without adverse ef...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-009-0028-2
更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute viral meningitis is the most common infection of the central nervous system. Most cases occur in children and young adults and are due to enteroviruses. Although the common causes of acute viral meningitis still lack treatment with an effective antiviral agent, management of patients is changing because of bette...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-008-0018-9
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Parkinson's disease (PD) has been increasingly recognized as having a multitude of nonmotor symptoms including psychosis, cognitive impairment and dementia, mood disturbances, fatigue, apathy, and sleep disorders. Psychosis and dementia, in particular, greatly affect quality of life for both patients ...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-013-0281-2
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Infantile spasms (IS) represent a major therapeutic challenge, as cessation of spasms and normalization of the electroencephalogram (elimination of hypsarrhythmia) are mandatory to prevent cognitive deterioration in previously healthy infants, or to preserve neurocognitive function among those neurolo...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-012-0181-x
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sleep-related movement disorders (SRMD) include several different motor activities during sleep. Few of them are well known and well classified, whereas others are minor motor disorders of sleep which are neither thoroughly characterized and classified nor have been extensively investigated to clarify...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0543-8
更新日期：2019-01-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuromyelitis optica (Devic's syndrome) is an uncommon, idiopathic, demyelinating syndrome of the central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. It frequently is misdiagnosed as severe multiple sclerosis, but usually is readily distinguished from multiple sclerosis in fully develo...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-005-0010-6
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:CADASIL is a life-threatening and disabling disease. Despite the progress achieved so far, no therapies able to limit the disease progression have been found and only empiric treatments can be employed to relieve the main disease symptoms. Further in vivo studies as well as data aggregation and multi-...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0468-z
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OPINION STATEMENT:Triptans, selective serotonin receptor agonists, were developed almost 20 years ago and represented a major breakthrough in the treatment of acute migraine attacks. Since then, the triptans have become first-line agents for most patients with migraine, both with and without aura, unless contraindicate...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s11940-010-0082-9
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：Purpose of Review:Giant cell arteritis (GCA), a medium and large vessel vasculitis occurring in the aged, remains a formidable disease, capable of taking both vision and life, through a multitude of vascular complications. Our understanding of the spectrum of its manifestations has grown over the years, to include limb...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-020-00660-2
更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE OF REVIEW:People with epilepsy have an increased risk of mortality when compared to the general population. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) is the most common cause of epilepsy-related death in children and adults. The purpose of this review is to discuss SUDEP, with an emphasis on SUDEP risk factor...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-019-0547-4
更新日期：2019-02-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Metabolic myopathies are disorders affecting utilization of carbohydrates or fat in the skeletal muscle. Adult patients with metabolic myopathies typically present with exercise-induced pain, contractures or stiffness, fatigue, and myoglobinuria. Symptoms are related to energy failure. Purpose of review In this review...
journal_title：Current treatment options in neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11940-017-0473-2
更新日期：2017-09-21 00:00:00
