Analysis of opiates and cocaine by RIA and GC-MS: distribution of their metabolites in urine and hair from drug addicts.

abstract：:Although the notion that alcohol promotes violence is widespread, not all individuals are aggressive while intoxicated. Genetic variation could be a contributing factor to individual differences in alcohol-heightened aggression. The present study examines the effects of OPRM1C77G genotype on responses to threat in rhe...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Driscoll CA,Lindell SG,Schwandt ML,Suomi SJ,Higley JD,Heilig M,Barr CS

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obesity represents an important risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. The current obesogenic environment with easy access to calorie-dense foods is fueling this obesity epidemic. However, how these foods contribute to the progression of feeding behavior changes that lead to overeating is not well u...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Espinosa-Carrasco J,Burokas A,Fructuoso M,Erb I,Martín-García E,Gutiérrez-Martos M,Notredame C,Maldonado R,Dierssen M

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the effects of chronic ethanol intake on hepatic haemodynamics and reticuloendothelial system function in the rat. Comparisons were also made with blood flow to pancreas, kidney, spleen, lung and skin. Male Wistar rats, approximately 0.15 kg initial body weight, were fed a diet containing 35% o...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Preedy VR,Nott DM,Yates J,Venkatesan S,Jenkins SA,Peters TJ

更新日期：1997-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alcohol use disorder is a chronic, relapsing brain disorder causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Cholinergic interneurons (CIN) within the nucleus accumbens (nAc) have been suggested to exert a regulatory impact on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission locally, and defects in CIN have been implied in several psychia...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Loftén A,Adermark L,Ericson M,Söderpalm B

更新日期：2020-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been hypothesized that neural reactivity to drug cues in certain limbic/paralimbic regions of the brain is an indicator of addiction severity and a marker for likelihood of success in treatment. To address this question, in the current study, 32 participants (44 percent female) completed a functional magnetic r...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Owens MM,MacKillop J,Gray JC,Beach SRH,Stein MD,Niaura RS,Sweet LH

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cannabinoid system appears to play a critical facilitative role in mediating the reinforcing effects of nicotine and relapse to nicotine-seeking behaviour in abstinent subjects based on the actions of cannabinoid (CB) receptor antagonists. However, the effects of CB receptor stimulation on nicotine self-administra...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Gamaleddin I,Wertheim C,Zhu AZ,Coen KM,Vemuri K,Makryannis A,Goldberg SR,Le Foll B

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drugs of abuse induce widespread synaptic adaptations in the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) neurons. Such drug-induced neuroadaptations may constitute an initial cellular mechanism eventually leading to compulsive drug-seeking behavior. To evaluate the impact of GABAB receptors on addiction-related persistent neuroplasticit...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： de Miguel E,Vekovischeva O,Kuokkanen K,Vesajoki M,Paasikoski N,Kaskinoro J,Myllymäki M,Lainiola M,Janhunen SK,Hyytiä P,Linden AM,Korpi ER

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous findings have shown that sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are upregulated by the self-administration of methamphetamine, whereas Sig-1R antisense can attenuate the behavioral effects of psychostimulants in rodents. Sig-1R is an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein. However, the effects of Sig-1R agonist on the ...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Mori T,Rahmadi M,Yoshizawa K,Itoh T,Shibasaki M,Suzuki T

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of brain microglial cells, microgliosis, has been linked to methamphetamine (MA)-seeking behavior, suggesting that microglia could be a new therapeutic target for MA use disorder. Animal data show marked brain microglial activation following acute high-dose MA, but microglial status in human MA users is unc...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Rathitharan G,Truong J,Tong J,McCluskey T,Meyer JH,Mizrahi R,Warsh J,Rusjan P,Kennedy JL,Houle S,Kish SJ,Boileau I

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adolescent alcohol use is associated with increased risk for alcohol use disorders later in life; therefore, identifying biomarkers for initiation of heavy alcohol use, such as individual differences in the development of white-matter microstructure, may inform prevention strategies that improve public health. This pr...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Morales AM,Jones SA,Harman G,Patching-Bunch J,Nagel BJ

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic and excessive alcohol consumption induces defined myocardial lesions characterized by impaired structural, mechanical and biochemical features. The pathogenic mechanisms are unknown, although it is possible that protein adduct formation by reactive metabolites of ethanol may be a contributory process. Hitherto...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Worrall S,Richardson PJ,Preedy VR

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuroadaptations that participate in the ontogeny of alcohol dependence are likely a result of altered gene expression in various brain regions. The present study investigated brain region-specific changes in the pattern and magnitude of gene expression immediately following chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Melendez RI,McGinty JF,Kalivas PW,Becker HC

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotine dependence (ND) is a chronic disease with catastrophic effects on individual and public health. The glutamate receptor subunit gene, ionotropic N-methyl-d-aspartate 3A (GRIN3A), encodes a crucial subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), which play an essential role in synaptic plasticity in the bra...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Chen J,Liu Q,Fan R,Han H,Yang Z,Cui W,Song G,Li MD

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical compounds that target dopamine (DA) D1 or D3 receptors have shown promise as potential interventions in animal models of cue-induced relapse. However, undesirable side effects or pharmacodynamic profiles have limited the advancement of new compounds in preclinical studies when administered as independent trea...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Ewing ST,Dorcely C,Maidi R,Paker G,Schelbaum E,Ranaldi R

更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined whether acute administration of phencyclidine (PCP), an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-channel complex, can cause neuronal toxicity that is associated with apoptosis. Three- and 24-month-old rats were placed in locomotor activity chambers. PCP (50 mg/kg) or saline (0.15 M NaCl) were...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Milosević J,Veskov R,Vasilev V,Rakić L,Ruzdijić S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly potent and addictive psychostimulant that is frequently abused worldwide. Although the biggest challenge to the efficient treatment of drug dependence is relapse, its mechanism is completely unclear. Plenty of evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to drug-induced reward esp...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Karimi-Haghighi S,Dargahi L,Haghparast A

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study employs an oral operant conditioning paradigm to evaluate the effects of repeated social defeat during adolescence on the reinforcing and motivational actions of ethanol in adult OF1 mice. Social interaction, emotional and cognitive behavioral aspects were also analyzed, and real-time polymerase chain react...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Rodriguez-Arias M,Navarrete F,Blanco-Gandia MC,Arenas MC,Bartoll-Andrés A,Aguilar MA,Rubio G,Miñarro J,Manzanares J

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic exposure to alcohol and other drugs of abuse has been associated with deleterious consequences, including functional connectivity deficits within neural networks associated with executive control. Altered functional connectivity within the executive control network (ECN) might underlie the progressive inabilit...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Hagerty SL,YorkWilliams SL,Bidwell LC,Weiland BJ,Sabbineni A,Blaine SK,Bryan AD,Hutchison KE

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transferrin (T f) and its carbohydrate-deficient isoform (CDT) were measured by radioimmunoassay in phosphate-buffered saline extracts of two informative areas of cerebral cortex tissue obtained at autopsy from alcoholics without other associated disease (n = 4); alcoholics with cirrhosis of the liver (n = 4) and agem...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Dodd PR,Eckert AL,Fletcher LM,Kril JJ,Harper CG,Halliday JW

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on the knowledge that alcohol misuse causes a multitude of diseases and increased mortality, this systematic review examines whether a reduction of the individual alcohol consumption can contribute to a minimization of health risks within a harm reduction approach. In fact, the reviewed 63 studies indicate that ...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Charlet K,Heinz A

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-term alcohol use affects cognitive and neurophysiological functioning as well as structural brain development. Combining simultaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) recording with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) enables direct, in vivo exploration of cortical excitability and assessment of effective and funct...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Kaarre O,Kallioniemi E,Könönen M,Tolmunen T,Kekkonen V,Kivimäki P,Heikkinen N,Ferreri F,Laukkanen E,Määttä S

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We use polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BPD) to predict smoking, and addiction to nicotine, alcohol or drugs in individuals not diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Using PRSs for 144 609 subjects, including 10 036 individuals admitted for in-patient addiction treatment and 35 ...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Reginsson GW,Ingason A,Euesden J,Bjornsdottir G,Olafsson S,Sigurdsson E,Oskarsson H,Tyrfingsson T,Runarsdottir V,Hansdottir I,Steinberg S,Stefansson H,Gudbjartsson DF,Thorgeirsson TE,Stefansson K

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy alcohol use reduces the levels of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the prefrontal cortex of rodents through the upregulation of microRNAs (miRs) targeting BDNF mRNA. In humans, an inverse correlation exists between circulating blood levels of BDNF and the severity of psychiatric disorders includin...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Ehinger Y,Phamluong K,Darevesky D,Welman M,Moffat JJ,Sakhai SA,Whiteley EL,Berger AL,Laguesse S,Farokhnia M,Leggio L,Lordkipanidzé M,Ron D

更新日期：2020-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Exposure to smoking-associated environmental cues during smoke cessation elicits self-reported urge/craving to smoke, which precipitates relapse even after prolonged abstinence. Incubation of cue-induced cigarettes craving during abstinence has been observed in human smokers recently. The present studies assessed cue-...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Markou A,Li J,Tse K,Li X

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Naltrexone blocks the opioid receptors that modulate the release of dopamine in the brain reward system and therefore blocks the rewarding effects of heroin and alcohol. It is generally assumed that naltrexone leads to reduction of craving, but few studies have been performed to prove this. The purpose of the present ...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Dijkstra BA,De Jong CA,Bluschke SM,Krabbe PF,van der Staak CP

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDAC) has been proposed as a potential contributor to aberrant transcriptional profiles that can lead to changes in cognitive functions. It is known that METH negatively impacts the prefrontal cortex (PFC) leading to cognitive decline and addiction whereas modafinil enhances cogn...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： González B,Bernardi A,Torres OV,Jayanthi S,Gomez N,Sosa MH,García-Rill E,Urbano FJ,Cadet JL,Bisagno V

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The orexin (hypocretin) system plays a critical role in motivated drug taking. Cocaine self-administration with the intermittent access (IntA) procedure produces a robust addiction-like state that is orexin-dependent. Here, we sought to determine the role of the orexin system in opioid addiction using IntA self-admini...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Fragale JE,James MH,Aston-Jones G

更新日期：2020-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In our society every second polytraumatized patient is a chronic alcoholic. A patient's alcohol-related history is often unavailable and laboratory markers are not sensitive or specific enough to detect alcohol-dependent patients who are at risk of developing alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) during their post-traumat...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Spies CD,Rommelspacher H,Winkler T,Müller C,Brummer G,Funk T,Berger G,Fell M,Blum S,Specht M,Hannemann L,Schaffartzik W

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nicotine self-administration is associated with decreased expression of the glial glutamate transporter (GLT-1) and the cystine-glutamate exchange protein xCT within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore). N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been shown to restore these proteins in a rodent model of drug addiction and relapse. How...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Namba MD,Kupchik YM,Spencer SM,Garcia-Keller C,Goenaga JG,Powell GL,Vicino IA,Hogue IB,Gipson CD

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The technique of domiciliary rapid opiate detoxification (ROD) developed in Asturias since 1994 enables patients dependent on heroin and/or methadone (or other opiates) to start antagonist maintenance with a full dose of naltrexone (50 mg) and largely recover from the acute opiate withdrawal syndrome in a few hours at...

journal_title：Addiction biology

authors： Carreño JE,Bobes J,Brewer C,Alvarez CE,San Narciso GI,Bascarán MT,Sánchez del Río J

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00