Abstract：
:Risk assessment is the attempt to characterize the chance of obtaining an adverse effect after exposure to an agent. Traditionally, high levels of an agent have been used to estimate the likelihood a lower dose might have an effect either by using low-dose extrapolation models or by attempting to establish a dose with no observable effects (NOEL). Low-dose extrapolation models yield estimates for small effects, but these estimates may vary by orders of magnitude depending upon the function chosen to represent the data. NOEL's are imprecise because a true no-effect level is indeterminant and the inability to determine an observable effect depends primarily on background variability. Newer methods use data from portions of the dose-effect function where error is smaller to estimate risks. Risk estimates using two of these approaches are compared for two different sample sizes. Each method produced the same estimate with the larger samples at low risk, but with increasing levels of risk and smaller samples the estimates obtained using these methods diverged.
journal_name
Neurosci Biobehav Revjournal_title
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviewsauthors
Glowa JRdoi
10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80108-3subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-04-01 00:00:00pages
153-8issue
1eissn
0149-7634issn
1873-7528pii
S0149-7634(05)80108-3journal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:The study of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) system has benefited from the identification, classification and cloning of multiple 5-HT receptors (5-HT1 to 5-HT7). Growing evidence suggests that 5-HT is important in learning and memory and all its receptors might be implicated in this. Actually, 5-HT pathways, 5-HT reuptake...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(99)00067-6
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical and pre-clinical evidence has implicated neuregulin 1 (NRG1) as a critical component in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, the arrival of the genome-wide association study (GWAS) era has yielded results that challenge the relevance of NRG1 in schizophrenia due to the absence of a genome-wide signi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.001
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two hundred and ten patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and/or their parents completed a survey, answering questions about the frequency and disruptiveness of vocal and motor tics, behaviour problems and sleep disturbances. Respondents also rated the impact of TS symptoms on social relationships and level of personal...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(88)80054-x
更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We propose to bring together the hitherto rather separate research fields of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and argue that by contrasting and combining findings of the endophenotypes of ASD and ADHD new insights can be gained into the etiology and pathophysiology of...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.02.015
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repetitive and stereotyped behavior is a prominent element of both animal and human behavior. Similar behavior is seen across species, in diverse neuropsychiatric disorders and in key phases of typical development. This raises the question whether these similar classes of behavior are caused by similar neurobiological...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.02.004
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human infants are particularly responsive to olfactory cues emanating from their mother's nipple/areola region. Beginning within minutes after birth, maternal breast odors elicit preferential head orientation by neonates and help guide them to the nipple. Such odors also influence babies' general motor activity and ar...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(98)00044-x
更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:There is a presumption that neurocognition is commonly impaired in chronic methadone exposed individuals (CM) when compared with healthy controls (HP). Additionally, it remains unclear if short term (<1year) abstinence (AP) is associated with an altered cognitive profile when compared with CM. METHOD:A ra...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.008
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Considering that cortical plasticity is maximal in the child, why are the majority of technological devices available for visually impaired users meant for adults and not for children? Moreover, despite high technological advancements in recent years, why is there still no full user acceptance of existing sensory subs...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.043
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This article reviews the literature on the behavioral aspects of opiate dependence. Available data on the variables affecting drug-maintained behavior are presented. These variables are: (a) reinforcement variables, including parameters such as delay, magnitude, rate and duration of the reinforcing stimulus; (b) antec...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(81)90026-9
更新日期：1981-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on facial recognition abilities in children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). A systematic review, using PRISMA guidelines, was conducted to identify original articles published prior to May 2017 pertaining to memory, face recognition, affect recognition, facial ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.026
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contain a circadian system consisting of circadian oscillator (clock) that is normally synchronized by the light/dark cycle (input) and drives circadian rhythms (output) that are intrinsic to the SCN. Gene expression of immediate-early genes, such as c-fos and jun-B, in the ventrolater...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0149-7634(94)90044-2
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The personality dimension of schizotypy is well established, and schizotypal traits can be taken to represent a proneness toward developing psychosis. Yet, there are competing theories about the latent structure of schizotypy. More specifically, there is controversy over the extent to which this propensity toward psyc...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.01.004
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mathematical models used to study deposition of inhaled toxicants require morphometric data to represent the tracheobronchial airways of laboratory animals. Because of the difficulty and cost of obtaining detailed measurements, morphometric models are generally based on measurements from a small number of specimens. T...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80093-4
更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An extensive body of research suggests the spontaneous eye blink rate (EBR) is a non-invasive indirect marker of central dopamine (DA) function, with higher EBR predicting higher DA function. In the present review we provide a comprehensive overview of this literature. We broadly divide the available research in studi...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.020
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Williams syndrome (WS) is a rare genetically based neurodevelopmental disorder which is associated with mental retardation and a distinctive cognitive and behavioural profile, including weaknesses in visuospatial processing but preserved language abilities and face recognition. Relative to the cognitive characteristic...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2007.09.003
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of how representational capacities develop in humans has been engaging cognitive psychologists for decades. Looking time studies have explored when infants start to show signs of perceiving and remembering the properties of specific objects at specific locations. Here we integrate these findings into the ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.01.002
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a neuromodulation therapy that has been used successfully in the treatment of symptoms associated with movement disorders, has recently undergone clinical trials for individuals suffering from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although the small patient numbers and open label study de...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.06.001
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research on testosterone-behavior relationships in humans is assessed in relation to a version of the challenge hypothesis, originally proposed to account for testosterone-aggression associations in monogamous birds. Predictions were that that testosterone would rise at puberty to moderate levels, which supported repr...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2004.12.007
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the core diagnostic criteria for Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) is the presence of visual hallucinations. The presence of hallucinations, along with fluctuations in the level of arousal and sleep disturbance, point to potential pathological mechanisms at the level of the thalamus. However, the potential role o...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.006
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondria play a critical role in regulating cellular functions including bioenergetics, calcium homeostasis, redox signalling, and apoptotic cell death. Mitochondria are also essential to many aspects of neurodevelopment and neuronal functions. However, mitochondrial impairment may affect bioenergetics in the deve...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.11.005
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Laboratory, animal and neuroimaging evidences suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be beneficial to human cognition. This systematic review includes 26 studies on the association between HRT and cognition and 17 studies on HRT and risk of dementia. It was hypothesised that HRT would have a positive assoc...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2005.05.003
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The technology toolbox by which neural elements can be selectively manipulated in vertebrate and invertebrate brains has expanded greatly in recent years, to now include sophisticated optogenetics and novel designer receptors. Application of such tools allow for ascertaining whether a particular behavioural phenotype ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.07.026
更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The experience of "stress", in its broadest meaning, is an inevitable part of life. All living creatures have evolved multiple mechanisms to deal with such threats and challenges and to avoid damage to the organism that may be incurred from these stress responses. Trauma and stressor-related disorders are psychiatric ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.05.010
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Unipolar depression and diabetes mellitus each account for a significant proportion of the global burden of disease. Epidemiological literature suggests a bi-directional relationship between these two common disorders, and evidence from the molecular sciences supports a role for inflammation in the pathogenesis and pa...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.10.001
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Insulin receptors are known to be located on nerve cells in mammalian brain. The binding of insulin to dimerized receptors stimulates specialized transporter proteins that mediate the facilitated influx of glucose. However, neurons possess other mechanisms by which they obtain glucose, including transporters that are ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0149-7634(00)00040-3
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder are assumed to be maladaptive responses to stress and antidepressants are thought to counteract such responses by increasing BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) levels. BDNF acts through TrkB (tropomyosin-related receptor kinase B) and plays a central role in neuroplas...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.04.001
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia is an important target for novel therapies. Effectively measuring the cognitive effects of compounds in clinical trials of schizophrenia could be a major barrier to drug development. The Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) programme ...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.012
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is widely accepted that the human brain is remarkably adaptive not only in child development, but also during adulthood. Aim of this work is to offer an overview and a systematic analysis of neuroimaging studies on the acquisition of arithmetic expertise. In normally developing children and adults, the gain of arit...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2009.03.005
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress and pain are interleaved at multiple levels - interacting and influencing each other. Both are modulated by psychosocial factors including fears, beliefs, and goals, and are served by overlapping neural substrates. One major contributing factor in the development and maintenance of chronic pain is threat learni...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.007
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tubulin-associated unit (Tau) protein is an intrinsically disordered protein that plays a well-established role in promoting microtubule assembly and regulation of microtubule dynamics in neuronal axons at all stages of development. Identification of new interacting partners and different sub-cellular localization...
journal_title：Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.12.014
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
