Abstract:
:Considerable effort and resources have been devoted to preserving life in patients with severe closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to identify temporal trends in mortality rates of these patients from the late 1800s to the present. We searched the literature for articles on severe TBI, abstracting numbers of patients studied, numbers of deaths, and years of patient entry. Mortality rates were calculated for each study, and meta-regression was used to pool data and to test for significant temporal trends. We reviewed 207 case series comprising more than 140,000 cases of severe closed TBI admitted to hospital over a span of almost 150 years. Since the late 1800s mortality has fallen by almost 50%. However, the rate has varied considerably among the four epochs chosen. Between 1885 and 1930, mortality decreased at a rate of 3% per decade. From 1970 to 1990, mortality declined at a rate of 9% per decade. Both changes are significant. There was no observed improvement in mortality between 1930 and 1970, nor is progress evident since 1990. The authors discuss possible reasons for the apparently intermittent progress in TBI survival over time.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Stein SC,Georgoff P,Meghan S,Mizra K,Sonnad SSdoi
10.1089/neu.2009.1206subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-07-01 00:00:00pages
1343-53issue
7eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
27pub_type
历史文章,杂志文章,评审abstract::Axon retraction greatly limits functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) and neuron polarization, which affects processes including axon formation and development, is a promising target for promoting axon regeneration. Increasing microtubule stability has been demonstrated to improve intrinsic axon regenerati...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5966
更新日期:2019-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Studies have shown reduced life expectancy following moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with death from unintentional poisoning (UP) being 11 times higher following TBI than in the general population. The characteristics of those who die of unintentional poisoning are compared with the characteristics of tho...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7038
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The goal of this investigation was to develop a method to study the neurophysiological integrity of the central motor tract using motor evoked potentials in the awake rat and assess the effects of different anesthetics in this model. Rats were implanted with six subcutaneous electrodes (pediatric myocardial pacing lea...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0393
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) results in varying degrees of disability in a significant number of persons annually. The mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after TBI have been explored in both animal models and human clinical studies for decades. Dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic dysfunction has been descri...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3445
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Worldwide, different strategies are being applied for symptomatic chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two treatment strategies for symptomatic CSDH: initial dexamethasone (DXM) therapy versus primary surgery by burr hole craniostomy (BHC). We retrospectively collecte...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6541
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Among the 3.5 million annual new head injury cases is a subpopulation of children and young adults who experience repeated traumatic brain injury (TBI). The duration of vulnerability after a single TBI remains unknown, and biomarkers have yet to be determined. Decreases in glucose metabolism (cerebral metabolic rate o...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2399
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mass media have recently pointed out the likelihood of diagnostic errors in post-coma patients. Late recoveries of consciousness, even after 20 years, might indicate hidden misdiagnoses that are not corrected over a long period of time. The rate of misdiagnoses of patients in a vegetative state is very high when b...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1257
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often occurs in conjunction with additional trauma, resulting in secondary complications, such as hypotension as a result of blood loss. This study investigated the combined effects of penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) on physiological parameters, in...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2012.2715
更新日期:2013-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Symptoms persisting beyond the acute phase (>2 months) after a mild traumatic brain injury (MTBI) are often reported, but their origin remains controversial. Some investigators evoke dysfunctional cerebral mechanisms, while others ascribe them to the psychological consequences of the injury. We address this controvers...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1493
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective efficacy of the mitochondrial uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) in rats following a mild to moderate spinal cord contusion injury. Animals received intraperitoneal injections of vehicle (DMSO) or 5 mg/mL of DNP prior to injury. Twenty-four hour...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1396
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute pain is a common symptom experienced after spinal cord injury (SCI). The presence of this pain calls for treatment with analgesics, such as buprenorphine. However, there are concerns that the drug may exert other effects besides alleviation of pain. Among those reported are in vitro changes in gene expression, a...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0502
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous nuclear protein that is passively released from damaged and necrotic cells, and actively released from immune cells. In contrast, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria in apoptotic cells, and is considered a reliable biomarker of apoptosis. Thus, HMGB1 and cytochr...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2171
更新日期:2012-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropsychological studies in electrical injury patients have reported deficits in attention, learning, and working memory, but the neural substrates of these deficits remain poorly characterized. In this study we sought to examine whether electrical injury subjects demonstrate abnormal patterns of brain activation du...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0867
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although sleep-wake disturbances are prevalent and well described after traumatic brain injury, their pathophysiology remains unclear, most likely because human traumatic brain injury is a highly heterogeneous entity that makes the systematic study of sleep-wake disturbances in relation to trauma-induced histological ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5067
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is known to be accompanied by an increase in intracranial pressure (ICP) and in some cases, by spontaneous generation of cortical spreading depression (CSD) cycles. However, the role of CSD in the pathophysiology of cerebral contusion is still unknown. A multiparametric monitoring assembly...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771503322686111
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been demonstrated that ethanol exerts dose-dependent effects, both beneficial and detrimental, on the outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Recently, it has been reported that co-administration of caffeine (10 mg/kg) and a low amount of alcohol (0.65 g/kg; caffeinol) reduces cortical infarct volume up to 80%...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1573
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Contusion injuries of cat spinal cords rapidly block action potential conduction across the impact site. Ion-selective microelectrode measurements revealed large and immediate extracellular ionic derangements, sufficient to block conduction. As extracellular potassium recovers, evoked potentials often return but are l...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relationship between psychotropic medication use and traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not well understood. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of psychotropic medication use during the months before and after TBI and compare with a non-TBI cohort. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using adm...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6580
更新日期:2020-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The degree of post-traumatic brain edema and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) influences the neurofunctional outcome after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous studies have demonstrated that the administration of apolipoprotein E-mimetic peptide COG1410 reduces the brain water content after subarachnoi...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3887
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Return to living at home is an important patient-reported outcome following traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Specialized inpatient rehabilitation assists such patients in maximizing function and independence. Our project aim was to describe those patients receiving specialized rehabilitation after tSCI in Canada, ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4930
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition affecting young, healthy individuals worldwide. Existing agents have inadequate therapeutic efficacy, and some are associated with side effects. Our objective is to summarize and critically assess the neurological recovery and antioxidant effects of curcumin for trea...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3520
更新日期:2015-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::The detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is based on indirect methods due to the high reactivity and short half-life of ROS in biological tissue. The commonly used salicylate trapping method has several disadvantages making it unsuitable for human use. We have evaluated 4-hydro...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771501317095250
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Posttraumatic ischemia appears to be largely responsible for the extension of lesions in acute injury of the spinal cord. In the present study, we have evaluated the putative improvement of axonal function by the calcium channel blocker nimodipine after acute trauma of the spinal cord. Three techniques were used: (1) ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1993.10.201
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The exact mechanism of hypothermic cerebroprotection after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not fully understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on trauma-induced synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ischemic brain damage associ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1997.14.349
更新日期:1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penetrating traumatic brain injury (PTBI) is one of the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Previous studies with penetrating ballistic-like brain injury (PBBI), a PTBI rat model revealed widespread perilesional neurodegeneration, similar to that seen in humans following gunshot wound to the head, which is ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4602
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuroinflammation and dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are two prominent mechanisms of secondary injury in neurotrauma. It has been suggested that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play important roles in initiating and propagating neuroinflammation resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI), but potential benef...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7229
更新日期:2020-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Lesions in specific areas of the rat motor cortex generate deficits related to fine movement performance affecting the forelimb. We have previously shown that transplants of embryonic frontal cortex ameliorate these motor deficits. Amelioration has been associated with a functional integration of the transplant due to...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0702
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cognitive deficits are the most enduring and disabling sequelae of human traumatic brain injury (TBI), but quantifying the magnitude, duration, and pattern of cognitive deficits produced by different types of TBI has received little emphasis in preclinical animal models. The objective of the present study was to use a...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.199
更新日期:1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The canine double hemorrhage model is an established model to study cerebral vasospasm, the late sequelae of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The present study uses magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the recently reported early brain injury after SAH. Double hemorrhage SAH modeling was obtained by injecting 0.5...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0518
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The severity of injury to cardiovascular autonomic pathways following clinical spinal cord injury (SCI) can be evaluated with spectral analyses. Whether this technique provides a translatable assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function in rodent SCI is unknown. Beat-to-beat blood pressure and pulse interval were m...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2145
更新日期:2012-05-20 00:00:00