Abstract:
:Ovarian steroids normally exert homeostatic negative feedback on GnRH release. During sustained exposure to elevated estradiol in the late follicular phase of the reproductive cycle, however, the feedback action of estradiol switches to positive, inducing a surge of GnRH release from the brain, which signals the pituitary LH surge that triggers ovulation. In rodents, this switch appears dependent on a circadian signal that times the surge to a specific time of day (e.g., late afternoon in nocturnal species). Although the precise nature of this daily signal and the mechanism of the switch from negative to positive feedback have remained elusive, work in the past decade has provided much insight into the role of circadian/diurnal and estradiol-dependent signals in GnRH/LH surge regulation and timing. Here we review the current knowledge of the neurobiology of the GnRH surge, in particular the actions of estradiol on GnRH neurons and their synaptic afferents, the regulation of GnRH neurons by fast synaptic transmission mediated by the neurotransmitters gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate, and the host of excitatory and inhibitory neuromodulators including kisspeptin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, catecholamines, neurokinin B, and RFamide-related peptides, that appear essential for GnRH surge regulation, and ultimately ovulation and fertility.
journal_name
Endocr Revjournal_title
Endocrine reviewsauthors
Christian CA,Moenter SMdoi
10.1210/er.2009-0023subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-08-01 00:00:00pages
544-77issue
4eissn
0163-769Xissn
1945-7189pii
er.2009-0023journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:OBJECTIVE:To summarize controlled trials examining the effect of calcium on bone density and fractures in postmenopausal women. DATA SOURCE:We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE up to 1998 and the Cochrane Controlled Register up to 2000, and we examined citations of relevant articles and proceedings of international meetings...
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pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1993-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Endocrine reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00