Abstract:
:Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are DNA viruses and are members of the Herpesviridae family. Morphologically, CMV resembles other herpes viruses, particularly herpes simplex viruses, with important cytopathic differences. CMVs are recognized pathogens that cause community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in compromised hosts, such as, those who undergo transplants and those on immunosuppressive drugs or steroids. This article discusses the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapy for this viral CAP.
journal_name
Infect Dis Clin North Amjournal_title
Infectious disease clinics of North Americaauthors
Cunha BAdoi
10.1016/j.idc.2009.10.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-03-01 00:00:00pages
147-58issue
1eissn
0891-5520issn
1557-9824pii
S0891-5520(09)00080-4journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Oral mucositis is a serious complication of cancer therapy and in severely immunosuppressed patients. In immunosuppressed patients, the signs and symptoms of infection often are muted because of limited host response, and accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment may be difficult. Prevention of mucosal breakdown, s...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.03.003
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::An overview of the mechanism of action, dosing, clinical indications, and toxicities of the glycopeptide vancomycin is provided. Emerging gram-positive bacterial resistance to antimicrobials and its mechanisms are reviewed. Strategies to control emergence of resistance are proposed. Newer antimicrobial agents with act...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2004.04.014
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although antimicrobial stewardship has been shown to improve microbiologic susceptibility patterns, decrease drug toxicities, and lower overall drug costs in the inpatient setting, there are few studies assessing programs in the long-term care (LTC) setting. Implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in LTC setti...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2014.01.001
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infectious complications remain a major source of morbidity and mortality for patients with end-stage renal disease on dialysis. The majority of these complications are related to dialysis access devices, and as such represent a potentially modifiable risk factor. This article reviews the important infectious complica...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2011.09.005
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Various nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause infection of skin and soft tissues. These organisms are also known as atypical mycobacteria, anonymous mycobacteria, and mycobacteria other than tuberculosis. These organisms are much more common causes of cutaneous infection than Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infections cau...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this article, gynecologic conditions of increased importance in the HIV-infected woman are discussed. Women living with HIV may have an increase in menstrual disorders, lower genital tract neoplasias, gynecologic surgery, and sexually transmitted infections. The literature relevant to choosing a method of contracep...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2008.05.006
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The returning traveler with fever presents a diagnostic challenge for the health care provider. When evaluating such a patient, the highest priority should be given to diseases that are potentially fatal or may represent public health threats. A good history is paramount and needs to include destination, time and dura...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2007.08.005
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Critical-care units can be barometers for appropriate antimicrobial use. There, life and death hang on empirical antimicrobial therapy for treatment of infectious diseases. With increasing therapeutic empiricism, triple-drug, broad-spectrum regimens are often necessary, but cannot be continued without fear of the doub...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.015
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Campylobacter is now known to be a major cause of gastrointestinal illness throughout the world. There are seven species known to be associated with enteritis, and it is likely that more will be described. Campylobacter jejuni is responsible for more than 95 per cent of the cases of diarrhea due to Campylobacter. Cont...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection is a well-described complication of cirrhosis and is a major cause of death in this population. This article examines the types of infections related with cirrhosis, such as bacteremia, urinary tract infections, meningitis, and others. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70150-1
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Water serves as a major reservoir for the environmental mycobacteria. Many cases of cutaneous mycobacterial disease result from water exposure. The current theory of the pathogenesis of M. avium complex lung disease involves inhalation of organisms aerosolized from surface water. Disseminated M. avium disease in AIDS ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bacteremia and endocarditis. Over the past several years, the frequency of S. aureus bacteremia (SAB) has increased dramatically. This increasing frequency, coupled with increasing rates of antibiotic resistance, has renewed interest in this serious, common infection. S. aur...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(01)00003-4
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In healthy adults and children in developed countries, most foodborne and water-borne infections are short-lived and resolve without specific treatment. In developing areas, these infections may produce acute mortality and chronic morbidity caused by developmental impairment. Immune-compromised hosts are at increased ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2013.05.006
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The combination of molecular pathogen diagnostics and the biomarker procalcitonin (PCT) are changing the use of antimicrobials in patients admitted to critical care units with severe community-acquired pneumonia, possible septic shock, or other clinical syndromes. An elevated serum PCT level is good supportive evidenc...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.05.003
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent decades have witnessed the emergence and spread of parasites resistant to standard drug therapies, particularly malaria. Chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum has now spread to most malarial areas, and resistance to other antimalarial drugs, including mefloquine and sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, have become ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70400-1
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::When properly used, disinfection and sterilization can ensure the safe use of invasive and noninvasive medical devices. The method of disinfection and sterilization depends on the intended use of the medical device: critical items (contact sterile tissue) must be sterilized before use; semicritical items (contact muco...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.002
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Legionella is a common cause of community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia. New information on the pathogenesis of infection and the host immune response is reviewed. Specialized laboratory tests, especially culture, are necessary for diagnosis since the clinical presentation is nonspecific. New antimicrobial agents a...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::HA-1A is a human monoclonal IgM antibody that binds to endotoxin. The results of the clinical trials of HA-1A demonstrate that HA-1A reduces mortality among patients with sepsis and gram-negative bacteremia. Secondary endpoints, including resolution of organ failure, discharge from intensive care unit, and discharge f...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the preantibiotic era, deep fascial space infections were common, and physicians were well acquainted with their complex and sometimes subtle manifestations. Widespread use of antibiotics, however, not only has significantly decreased the incidence of deep neck infections but also has altered their clinical manifes...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A wide range of soft-tissue infections can occur in diabetic patients, the consequences of which can be devastating. Early recognition and intervention, which may involve both surgical and medical approaches, can improve clinical outcomes. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coccidioides, a fungus, is endemic to specific parts of the Western Hemisphere. This article examines the prevalence, pathogenesis and host defense, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of coccidioidomycosis. ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(02)00040-5
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the lethal end stage of a sexually transmitted disease caused by a virus that is producing the major epidemic of our century. In this article we describe the history and epidemiology of AIDS and the disease states associated with infection with the human immunodeficiency vi...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vaccination usually means the immunization of persons or animals against foreign infectious organisms for disease prevention. However, it has now been demonstrated that immunization against certain self substances to which tolerance normally exists can elicit beneficial effects to humans and other animals without indu...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence of resistance to antimicrobial agents continues to be a major problem among both nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens. Bacteria employ a variety of strategies to avoid the inhibitory effects of antibiotic agents, and have evolved highly efficient means for the dissemination of resistance traits. T...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Herpes zoster (HZ) is the result of reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV) and occurs most frequently in older adults. Classically, HZ presents as a unilateral, selflimited, dermatomal rash. Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a common sequela, presenting as severe pain that persists after the rash has resolv...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2017.07.016
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the result of a formidable effort, the recent TB epidemic in the United States has abated; however, major questions remain as the risk of TB diminishes. Will we maintain an adequate public health effort not only to prevent another resurgence of TB but also to renew our pursuit of TB elimination? Do we have the will...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70200-2
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) results in progressive loss of immune function marked by depletion of the CD4+ T-lymphocytes, leading to opportunistic infections and malignancies characteristic of AIDS. Although both host and viral determinants influence the rate of disease progression, ...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70135-5
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::CSF evaluation is the single most important aspect of the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis. Analysis of the CSF abnormalities produced by bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections may greatly facilitate diagnosis and direct initial therapy. Basic studies of CSF that should be performed in all patients with men...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::It appears incontestable that there is a link between genital ulcer disease and HIV infection. On the one hand the natural history and response to therapy of syphilis, HSV-2, and chancroid are all modified by the immunosuppressive effects of HIV infection. On the other hand, HIV transmission is probably facilitated by...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the changing epidemiology of infections associated with injection drug use, perceived barriers to care, features of successful programs for outpatient antimicrobial treatment, models of shared decision making at the time of discharge, and linkage to preventative care after antimicrobial completion...
journal_title:Infectious disease clinics of North America
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.idc.2020.06.009
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00