Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Rectal bleeding is a recognised early symptom of colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms, signs and diagnostic tests in patients with rectal bleeding in relation to risk of colorectal cancer in primary care. METHODS:Diagnostic accuracy systematic review. Medline (1966 to May 2009), Embase (1988 to May 2009), British Nursing Index (1991 to May 2009) and PsychINFO (1970 to May 2009) were searched. We included cohort studies that assessed the diagnostic utility of rectal bleeding in combination with other symptoms, signs and diagnostic tests in primary care. An eight-point quality assessment tool was produced to assess the quality of included studies. Pooled positive likelihood ratios (PLRs), sensitivities and specificities were calculated. RESULTS:Eight studies incorporating 2323 patients were included. Average weighted prior probability of colorectal cancer was 7.0% (range: 3.3-15.4%, median: 8.1%). Age > or = 60 years (pooled PLR: 2.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.00-3.90), weight loss (pooled PLR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.03-3.07) and change in bowel habit (pooled PLR: 1.92, 95% CI: 0.54-3.57) raise the probability of colorectal cancer into the range of referral to secondary care but do not conclusively 'rule in' the diagnosis. Presence of severe anaemia has the highest diagnostic value (pooled PLR: 3.67, 95% CI: 1.30-10.35), specificity 0.95 (95% CI: 0.93-0.96), but still only generates a post-test probability of 21.6%. CONCLUSIONS:In patients with rectal bleeding who present to their general practitioner, additional 'red flag' symptoms have modest diagnostic value. These findings have implications in relation to recommendations contained in clinical practice guidelines.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
Olde Bekkink M,McCowan C,Falk GA,Teljeur C,Van de Laar FA,Fahey Tdoi
10.1038/sj.bjc.6605426subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-01-05 00:00:00pages
48-58issue
1eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827pii
6605426journal_volume
102pub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Metabolomics has shown promise in gastric cancer (GC) detection. This research sought to identify whether GC has a unique urinary metabolomic profile compared with benign gastric disease (BN) and healthy (HE) patients. METHODS:Urine from 43 GC, 40 BN, and 40 matched HE patients was analysed using (1)H nucle...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.2015.414
更新日期:2016-01-12 00:00:00
abstract::The malignant epithelial cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and cells of lines derived form the lymphoid cells which infiltrate this tumour have been investigated cytogenetically. Chromosome spreads of lymphoblastoid cells of lines established from 7 different NPC biopsy specimens were examined after banding stai...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1978.31
更新日期:1978-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sodium polyanethol sulphonate (SPS) when incorporated into rat erythrocyte lysate (REL) containing semi-solid agar medium at 1 mg ml-1. markedly enhanced colony formation by a number of anchorage-independent cell lines. REL usually needed to be included for the expression of SPS induced potentiation as in its absence ...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1984.230
更新日期:1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Measurement of DNA polymerase in leukaemic guinea-pig plasms reveals the presence of low levels of sedimentable and non-sedimentable enzymic activities. Since the sedimentable DNA polymerase is ribonuclease sensitive, uses poly(C).oligo(dG) as template, and bands in a sucrose density gradient at 1-17 g/ml it is though...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1976.67
更新日期:1976-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inhibitor of apoptosis protein, XIAP, is frequently overexpressed in chemoresistant human tumours. An antisense oligonucleotide (AEG 35156/GEM 640) that targets XIAP has recently entered phase I trials in the UK. Method validation data are presented on three pharmacodynamic assays that will be utilised during this...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602363
更新日期:2005-02-14 00:00:00
abstract::A cytogenetic study was performed in 27 patients suspected of t-MDS or t-ANLL. In 12 patients the diagnosis of t-MDS or t-ANLL was confirmed by morphological, cytochemical and immunophenotypical analysis. The cases were classified as RA (one), RAEB (four), CMML (two), ANLL (five). They had received chemotherapy and/or...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1990.93
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photodynamic therapy is a potential treatment for superficial bladder cancer that utilizes photosensitizer drugs, which are activated by light to cause tissue destruction. However, first-generation photosensitizers cause prolonged phototoxicity, have poor tumour specificity and can accumulate within detrusor muscle, r...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1998.637
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Thymidine phosphorylase (TP) is often overexpressed in tumours and has a role in tumour aggressiveness and angiogenesis. Here, we determined whether TP increased tumour invasion and whether TP-expressing cancer cells stimulated angiogenesis. METHODS:Angiogenesis was studied by exposing endothelial cells (HU...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.2011.74
更新日期:2011-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Alcohol consumption has been inconsistently associated with breast cancer risk. Recent studies suggest that genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) may modify this relation. To determine if breast cancer risk is associated with GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms, and to evaluate the effect modifi...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600708
更新日期:2003-01-13 00:00:00
abstract::SR 4233 (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine 1,4-dioxide) is an anti-tumour agent that has a highly selective toxicity to hypoxic cells. In this study we delineate the role of several different bioreductive enzymes in the metabolism of SR 4233 by two tumour cell lines HT 1080 (human fibrosarcoma) and SCCVII (mouse carcinoma)....
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.59
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The murine dose of i.v. C. parvum (466 microgram) was compared with a single, low, human-equivalent dose of 70 microgram and with repeated weekly low doses. All treatments increased the antibody titre against C. parvum (CP). However, repeated doses stimulated a much higher titre than single doses. In all treated anima...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1980.64
更新日期:1980-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Serum laminin P1 was studied in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), respiratory infections, pulmonary fibrosis, and in normal subjects. The level of serum laminin P1 was elevated (greater than 1.27 U ml-1) in 58.9% of SCLC and in 11.5% of NSCLC patients. Median value in SCL...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1992.123
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL, also known as Apo-2L) is a promising novel anticancer agent that selectively induces apoptosis in tumour cells and the activity of which can be enhanced by combined treatment with chemo- or radiotherapy. For therapeutic purposes, the use of full-length TRAIL may be favoura...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601910
更新日期:2004-07-05 00:00:00
abstract::Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent lipid mediator that acts on a series of specific G protein-coupled receptors, leading to diverse biological actions. Lysophosphatidic acid induces cell proliferation, survival and migration, which are critically required for tumour formation and metastasis. This bioactive lipid ...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605588
更新日期:2010-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::We have previously reported that interleukin 10 (IL-10) signalling stimulated activation of a specific enhancer element, termed HTE-1, to promote tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase1 (TIMP-1) expression in human bone metastatic PC-3 subclone (PC-3 ML) cells. Recently, we have identified an IL-10 responsive si...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600855
更新日期:2003-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cediranib is a highly potent inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signalling with activity against all three VEGF receptors. Bevacizumab is an anti-VEGF-A monoclonal antibody with clinical benefit in previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). METHODS:Patients with mCRC who had...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.545
更新日期:2013-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::With the recent approval of the combinations of axitinib with the immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) pembrolizumab or avelumab for first-line treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma, guidance on how to distinguish between immune-related adverse events (AEs) caused by ICI versus axitinib-related AEs is necessary to o...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/s41416-020-0949-9
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of labelled cells through 5 different mouse tumours was measured after a single injection of [3H]-thymidine [( 3H]-TdR) or [3H]-deoxyuridine [( 3H]-UdR). All the tumours had areas where the percentage of labelled cells (the labelling index, LI) was high and areas where the LI was very low. The total a...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1985.3
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patients with recurrent or refractory head and neck squamous cell carcinoma received cisplatin/epinephrine injectable gel or placebo gel injected directly into the clinically dominant tumour. The double-blind phase III trial comprised of up to 6 weekly treatments over 8 weeks, 4 weekly evaluation visits, and then mont...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600588
更新日期:2002-10-21 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to evaluate efficacy and tolerance of epirubicin and gemcitabine as first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. A phase I study was performed with the combination of escalating doses of epirubicin intravenously on day 1 and a fixed dose of gemcitabine on days ...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1054/bjoc.1999.1003
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Increased expression of tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor (TATI) in tumour tissue and/or serum has been associated with poor survival in various cancer forms. Moreover, a proinvasive function of TATI has been shown in colon cancer cell lines. In this study, we have examined the prognostic significance of tumour-spec...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605047
更新日期:2009-05-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Anti-EGFR antibody, cetuximab, improves overall survival (OS) in K-ras wild-type chemotherapy-refractory colorectal cancer. Epidermal growth factor receptor ligand epiregulin (EREG) gene expression may further predict cetuximab benefit. METHODS:Tumour samples from a phase III clinical trial of cetuximab plu...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.2013.753
更新日期:2014-02-04 00:00:00
abstract::Tamoxifen is the current therapy of choice for patients with oestrogen receptor positive breast cancer, and it is currently under evaluation as a prophylactic for women at high risk of developing the disease. However, tamoxifen is also known to induce proliferative changes in the endometrium increasing the risk of dev...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600157
更新日期:2002-03-04 00:00:00
abstract::Eleven patients suffering from intra-abdominal malignancy were treated with various doses of intraperitoneal mitomycin C adsorbed onto activated carbon particles. Seven of the patients underwent resection of their primary gastric tumour and all developed potentially life-threatening severe complications that proved to...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1997.615
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Question prompt lists (QPLs) have been shown to be an inexpensive and effective communication tool for patients in oncology consultations. We aimed to develop and pilot a QPL for palliative care (PC) patients. In order to identify suitable questions for inclusion in the QPL, we conducted focus groups and individual in...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601380
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of peptide vaccine candidates to date has been focused on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2 and -A24 alleles. In this study, we attempted to identify cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-directed Lck-derived peptides applicable to HLA-A11(+), -A31(+), or -A33(+) cancer patients, because these HLA-A alleles s...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6604071
更新日期:2007-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::Pancreatic cancer is characterised by a hallmark desmoplastic response that includes upregulated expression of the extracellular matrix, and type I collagen in particular. Recent studies indicate that pancreatic cancer cells stimulate type I collagen synthesis in adjacent stellate cells, and that this upregulated type...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603088
更新日期:2006-05-08 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed the external validity of a prediction rule for nonseminomatous testicular cancer patients. The rule was developed to predict the probability of retroperitoneal metastases being benign (only necrosis/fibrosis) after chemotherapy treatment. Patients with a high probability of benign residual masses might be ...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600759
更新日期:2003-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was produced and released by human colorectal carcinomata and also the normal attached mucosa when maintained in both monolayer and organ culture. Immunoperoxidase cytochemical methods were employed for the cellular localization of CEA which was demonstrable only on the neoplastic ce...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1975.97
更新日期:1975-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:New therapeutic options for metastatic pancreatic cancer are urgently needed. In pancreatic cancer, overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been reported in up to 45%. This multicentre phase II study investigated the efficacy and toxicity of the HER2 antibody trastuzumab combined ...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/bjc.2012.18
更新日期:2012-03-13 00:00:00