Abstract：
:This article takes issue with those who defend a brand of clinical research ethics that tends to substitute the ethics of clinical care of patients being recruited as trial subjects. The distinction between therapeutic and non-therapeutic studies is being disregarded by arguing that research is concerned with the pursuit of knowledge rather than with the medical benefits for patients. Non-competent patients may therefore be recruited for studies that will offer them no medical benefits in spite of involving them in the inherent risks of any biomedical trial. Supported by the World Medical Association, clinicians tend to shun the use of placebos in randomized trials, because of the therapeutic void created in the control group. Nevertheless, investigators continue to consider that scientific purity demands the use of placebos as the most appropriate comparator, even if risks to patient-subjects are increased. Equipoise and clinical equipoise have been suggested as adequate criteria to evaluate the need for a clinical trial, when genuine uncertainty about the equivalence of medical measures requires clarification. If equipoise is understood as a balanced situation where alternatives are equivalent and exchangeable in the view of experienced and current medical thought, no comparison seems warranted until a substantiated doubt about their true equivalence appears. Whereas respecting equipoise is an important measure to curb redundant research, new trials become mandatory if equivalence is reliably questioned. In the best interests of patients being recruited for clinical trials, they should continue to be the full beneficiaries of clinical ethics, in addition to receiving the protection of research ethics. Placebos and sub-medication for control groups are to be used sparingly, and best existing therapy should be employed as control when new and promising agents are developed.
journal_name
Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz)journal_title
Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalisauthors
Kottow MHdoi
10.1007/s00005-009-0027-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-05-01 00:00:00pages
157-64issue
3eissn
0004-069Xissn
1661-4917journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA), which is characterized mainly by cartilage degradation, is the most prevalent joint disorder worldwide. Although OA is identified as a major cause of joint pain, disability, and socioeconomic burden, the etiology of OA is still not clearly known. Recently, gene microarray analysis has become an ef...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00005-020-00592-4
更新日期：2020-09-10 00:00:00
abstract：:The antifungal activity of the sodium salts, of 3-thiolo-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine (I 319) was determined in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of I 319 for 33 pathogenic and saprophytic fungal strains ranged from 3.1 to 25 microgram/ml. In vivo, experiments were performed on a model of subacu...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The chicken is a foundational model for immunology research and continues to be a valuable animal for insights into immune function. In particular, the bursa of Fabricius can provide a useful experimental model of the development of B lymphocytes. Furthermore, an understanding of avian immunity has direct practical ap...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue distribution of non-Lyt1.1 ("Ly10-like") antigen or antigens encoded by short chromosomal segment differentiating B6-Ly-1a congenic strain from B6 strain of mice was studied by quantitative absorption of (BALB/c X B6)F1 anti B6-Ly-1a antiserum and by direct cytotoxicity of Ly-10-132-12-26 monoclonal antibody on...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mouse monoclonal IgA antibody (A008), anti-blood group A antigen, was shown to dissociate into heavy (H) and light (L) polypeptide chains under non-reducing conditions. The dissociation occurred in the presence of 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulphate (2 h at room temperature) or at elevated temperature (1 h at 70 degrees C)...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 47 serum samples obtained from 31 women immunized with D antigen of the Rh system the level of anti-Rh D antibodies was measured by the papain and antiglobulin tests and the IgG subclasses of anti-Rh antibodies were determined. If the antibodies were of the IgG1 subclass or if this subclass prevailed in the IgG sub...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The outer membrane proteins (OMP) obtained from 33 strains of Hafnia of different origin, were analysed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. About 21 protein bands could be distinguished in OMP of each strain. The major proteins of the outer membrane were of apparent molecular weight 34.000 (34K), 37.000 (37K), ...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity of 15 newly synthetized compounds were investigated in vitro. These compounds were mainly 1-[4-pyridyl]-pyridinium salts, dipyridyl sulphides and corresponding sulphones. Antitumor activity was evaluated in a model of leukemia L1210, P388, Sarcoma 180, Ehrlich carcinoma...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evaluation of the selected parameters of the immune system in MGN children has revealed some correlation between clinical advancement of the disease and the presence of the immune complexes in the serum. The results obtained point to the predominance of the suppressive reaction. ...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been stated that experimental infection with 0.01 LD50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 74 decreases the phagocytic activity of mouse neutrophiles and peritoneal macrophages in relation to latex particles. In the course of infection suppression of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages was delayed for two days as ...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of verapamil on anti-IgE induced histamine release from basophils isolated from the blood of 10 atopic asthma patients. The results of the investigations showed that verapamil in concentration of 10(-2)M - 10(-6)M significantly inhibits histamine release from basop...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Forensic capabilities that provide lead information, and investigative, intelligence, prosecution and policy decision support can be invaluable for responding to and resolving bioterrorism events. Attributing biological attacks through scientific and other resources and processes is an important goal, for which scienc...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00005-014-0289-7
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eleven mycoplasma strains were isolated from the semen of 24 stallions. Eight of these strains were identified as Mycoplasma equigenitalium. Three strains which hydrolized arginine could not be identified. The growth inhibition test with immune sera against M. arginini and M. equirhinis was negative. Antibiotic sensit...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intraventricular administration of histamine in a dose of 500 microgram, and two histamine H2-receptor agonists i.e. 50-250 microgram of dimaprit and 100 microgram of 4-methylhistamine decreased GABA level after 30 min (by approximately 20%) in the hypothalamus, but not in the striatum of the rat brain. The level ...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:C4, C3 and C5 levels and the complement hemolytic activity were analysed in 84 ulcerative colitis patients and correlated with activity, extension and duration of the disease, with the presence of extraintestinal manifestation, and with therapeutic effects. The elevation of C3 was observed in both mild active and in s...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:beta 2 Microglobulin binding rheumatoid factors and occurrence of complexed form of beta 2 microglobulin were found in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by radioimmunological methods. 1. As related to the appropriate values of control sera and osteoarthritic synovial fluids, one of the six sera and five of the six synovial fl...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After more than two decades of investigation, the biological role of the gammadelta T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains elusive. In fact, a theory of ligand recognition is still lacking that accounts for their adaptable structure, their peripheral selection, and the observed responses of gammadelta T cells, which do not r...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00005-009-0017-x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The influence of ATP and AMP injected into the lateral cerebral ventricle in doses of 50, 100 and 200 mug on behavior in rats was studied. ATP in the doses administered had no effect on behavior of rats. AMP in these doses enhanced motor activity of the rats. Chemical sympathectomy by intracerebral injection of 6-hydr...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When BALB/c mice were first infected with Rauscher murine leukemia virus (MuLV-R) and then superinfected with Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) the inhibition of the evolution of splenomegaly was observed. The effect did not depend on the route of HSV-2 administration. Experiments in which potent anti-interferon ser...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present paper discusses the correlation between NDV-induced interferon production and the degree of histamine release from mouse mastocytes. The injection of mice with Newcastle virus was observed to substantially increase the percentage of released histamine and the degree of mastocytes degranulation. A clear-cut...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pharmacological activity of 6 newly synthetized water-soluble derivatives of barbiturylo propanosulfonic acids, was evaluated. The compounds were obtained under the conditions of the Ritter reaction. The experiments were performed with the aim to determine the anti-inflammatory and immunotropic activities as well as t...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Effectiveness of selected anti-inflammatory drugs on the experimental model of uveitis was evaluated. Studies on the biochemical parameters of inflammation in the aqueous humor and biomicroscopic evaluation of the clinical condition of the anterior chamber of the eye, carried out in the therapy course, allowed to esta...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mesenteric and pulmonary mast cells of guinea pigs were obtained by enzymatic dispersion of the tissues with the enzyme collagenase. The guinea pig mast cells obtained by this method were morphologically intact, as judged by light microscopy. The mast cells from lung and mesentery of actively sensitized guinea pig...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of the study was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of allergen-induced basophil CD164 upregulation in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by allergy to grass pollens. This study was performed in 24 patients with allergy to grass pollens, and in 25 healthy controls. The protocol for allerg...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s00005-010-0104-z
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Total number of mast cells in popliteal lymph nodes of Balb/c mice is a function of time and Nu gene (complex?) content. The number of mast cells increases with age - in both wild +/+ and in Nu gene (complex?) carriers (Nu/+ and Nu/Nu). The increase in the number of mast cells is faster in the Nu gene carriers than in...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The number of studies which evaluated interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) results after anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment has been rapidly increasing. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of IGRAs (QFT-GIT, T-SPOT.TB, QFT-Plus) in assessing the response to anti-TB treatment. We searched all st...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1007/s00005-020-00568-4
更新日期：2020-02-03 00:00:00
abstract：:The availability of neoplastic cell lines with well defined growth characteristics has greatly facilitated study of the tumor phenotype, tumor progression and metastatic process. MmB16 cell line has been established in vitro from the B16 mouse melanoma serially passaged in C57BL/6 mice. From MmB16 cells two lectin-res...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The method of immunoadsorptional purification of Bean Yellow Mosaic Virus has been worked out. Immunosorbents were obtained by coupling the antibody (IgG) fraction isolated from anti-BYMV and anti-pea leaf protein antisera with CNBr-activated 1% agarose beads. Conditions for preparation of immunosorbents, for BYMV ads...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of antibodies in immunity to intravenous infection with dysentery bacilli was studied in mice. Serum from animals immunized with a single dose of live dysentery bacilli obtained at a varying intervals of time after immunization transferred immunity to other mice infected with lethal doses of the same bacilli....
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1976-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years of research have shed a new light on the role of IgE in immune reactions. It seems to be more than just a contribution to immediate type of allergic response. It appears that monomeric IgE may enhance mast cell activity without cross-linking of FcεRI by IgE specific allergen or autoreactive IgG anti-IgE a...
journal_title：Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s00005-016-0417-7
更新日期：2017-04-01 00:00:00
