Abstract:
:The recent increase in the practice of ocular surgery and widespread use of contact lenses have led to an increase in the incidence of severe ocular infections. Inadequate management of these infections can result in irreversible loss of vision. Microbiological diagnosis is essential when the lesions are non-specific, recurrent, or unresponsive to antibiotic therapy, but is hampered by the difficulty of analyzing limited sample volumes containing small inocula. This document presents a review of the most important ocular infections according to the structure affected, and describes the most common causes of these infections and the situations in which a microbiological diagnosis is recommended. Information is included on the sample type and sampling methods, sample transport to the laboratory, and laboratory management and processing techniques, with special attention to liquid culture media. The yield of smear examination and culture of each type of ocular specimen is specified. Lastly, the molecular methods recently developed for the diagnosis of ocular fungal infections and Acanthamoeba infections are described.
journal_name
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clinjournal_title
Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinicaauthors
López-Cerero L,Etxebarria J,Mensa Jdoi
10.1016/j.eimc.2009.01.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-11-01 00:00:00pages
531-5issue
9eissn
0213-005Xissn
1578-1852pii
S0213-005X(09)00163-3journal_volume
27pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The alarms that have sounded in the last two decades of the 20(th) century in the feld of antimicrobial resistance in livestock farming have led to the development of various measures that have substantially improved the use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine. These measures mainly involve the implementati...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0213-005X(10)70042-2
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV replication cycle passes through a stage of integrating proviral DNA into the cell's DNA. In this process, the viral enzyme, integrase, catalyses two reactions. The first reaction, which seems to occur in the cytoplasm, involves 3'-end processing, in which two nucleotides are removed from the 3' ends of the vi...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0213-005x(08)76567-4
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of colonised patients is one of the main routes for the spread of multiresistant bacteria, and its containment is a clinical and public health priority. Surveillance studies are essential for early detection of colonisation by these bacteria. This article discusses the different microbiological methods, b...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2015.12.013
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The choice of antibiotic therapy in respiratory tract infections is usually empirical. However, this choice is complicated by the increasing prevalence of resistant strains among the major bacterial pathogens involved in these infections, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae. The aim of antimicrobial therapy in respi...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1157/13059054
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic venous access may constitute a serious problem in some patients and the subcutaneous venous reservoirs have demonstrated to be a useful alternative. AIDS patients require intense pharmacologic treatment, thus the use of subcutaneous venous reservoirs may be specially useful. However, the prevalence o...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among haemodialysis patients has increased rapidly and, to date, there is no report of this incidence in Portugal. METHODS:A total of 121 faecal samples were collected from haemodialysis patients, and then tested for VRE. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence and multi...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2013.09.001
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of an antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) requires institutional support. However, obtaining sufficient institutional support is often a complex task that requires convincing the hospital's managers of the benefits of these programs. Additionally, in the design and implementation of an ASP, antimic...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0213-005X(13)70133-2
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic hepatitis B continues to be a serious problem worldwide. Because a high viral load is associated with greater progression to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma in these patients, new drugs that achieve rapid, potent and lasting suppression of viral replication must be sought. Entecavir is a new, highly potent antiv...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0213-005x(08)76518-2
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasitic infections occur worldwide and cause significant morbidity and mortality, especially in tropical areas. In recent years, the interest in these infections has grown because of the increase in immigration, international travel, and international adoptions. In Spain, these factors have led to a rise in the inci...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2009.11.003
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Vaccination against rotavirus has led to a significant decline of the disease. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological features of the viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in an area with high immunization coverage against rotavirus. METHOD:A prospective microbiological ev...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2013.09.008
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To determine: (a) The prevalence of active infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in HIV-infected patients, as well as previous exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV), HBV and HCV. (b) The proportion of patients who have been vaccinated against HAV and/or HBV. (c) The HCV genotype ...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2011.12.008
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The aim of this investigation was to study the epidemiology of nasopharyngeal (NP) colonization with Streptococcus pneumoniae after the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7). METHODS:NP swabs were obtained from 848 children aged 6 months to six years seen in four primary ca...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2011.05.010
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Plasma HIV p24 is considered a significant predictor of CD4+ T cell decline and progression to AIDS in HIV-infected patients. We evaluated the p24 levels in patients on triple therapy and after switching to ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor monotherapy (mtPI/rtv), as well as the relationships with virolog...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2016.02.001
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are one of the most common and universal problems of public health. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and STD infections are clearly interrelated, and share risks, incidence and transmission mechanisms. The aim of this document is to inform health professionals about the current s...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 共识发展会议,杂志文章,实务指引
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2017.06.004
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:To describe clinical features, complications, serotypes and antibiotic resistance in pneumococcal pneumonia in our environment after the generalization of the heptavalent conjugate vaccine (PCV-7) in paediatrics. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Prospective study of episodes of pneumococcal pneumonia, with positive c...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2010.09.014
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES:The primary aim of this study was to evaluate associated factors, clinical features and prognosis of healthcare-related infective endocarditis cases compared with community-acquired and intravenous drug user-related episodes. Changes in the distribution of healthcare-related infective endoca...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2012.03.014
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Use of selective Clostridium difficile culture as a diagnostic method for C. difficile associated disease requires to prove the toxigenic ability of the isolates. Toxin B detection by cell culture assay after growing the microorganism in enriched broth is the standard method, but it delays the final diagnosi...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relevance of correct identification and interpretation of susceptibility testing of Aeromonas spp. bacteremia isolates using newly developed molecular methods in comparison to previous conventional methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The study included 22 patients with bacteremia due to Aeromonas hyd...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2015.02.020
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When Christopher Columbus and his men embarked on the second Colombian expedition to the New World (1493), the crew suffered from fever, respiratory symptoms and malaise. It is generally accepted that the disease was influenza. Pigs, horses and hens acquired in Gomera (Canary Islands) traveled in the same ship. The pi...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1157/13089669
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diagnostic effectiveness of a new test for the detection of bacteriuria (Filtrachek-UTI) was compared with Gram stain and semiquantitative culture in 955 urine samples. 276 of these were from inpatients (108 males and 168 females), and 677 from outpatients (206 males and 471 females). Overall 229 positive cultures...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effectiveness of different methodologies to identify antigenemia and antibodies against HIV at the time of viral primary infection was evaluated. To this end, 6 consecutive serum samples of a patient who had had symptomatic seroconversion were assessed. The detection of antigenemia was earlier than that of antibod...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1990-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The time to positivity (TTP) of blood cultures in patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) has been considered to be a possible prognostic tool for some bacterial species. However, notable differences have been found between sampling designs and statistical methods in published studies to date, which makes...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2016.10.003
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although influenza is usually a self-limited disease, patients who develop complications are at increased risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death. Since preventive and early therapeutic measures should be prioritized in higher risk patients, identification of the risk factors for severe infect...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/S0213-005X(12)70102-7
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rilpivirine (RPV) is a new, second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) that has been recently approved for use in the initial antiretroviral therapy (ART) of treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients, combined with two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). The approved...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0213-005X(13)70139-3
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study an immunofluorescence technique detecting antibody-coated bacteria was evaluated. It was applied to the sputum of seven patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia to assess its diagnostic usefulness. We conclude that it is a valid, quick and easy technique which permits to differentiate betwe...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The results of the study of 117 outbreaks of food poisoning in the Basque Autonomous Community during 1984-1986 are reported. In 76% of these outbreaks the causative agent could be isolated. Bacteria of the genus Salmonella accounted for 86.5% of the outbreaks with a known etiology, S. enteritidis being the most commo...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) typically presents as bacterial pneumonia, meningitis or primary bacteraemia. However, Streptococcus pneumoniae can produce infection at any level of the body (endocarditis, arthritis, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, etc.), which is also known as unusual IPD (uIPD). T...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2017.05.003
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the current characteristics of migration is its tendency to concentrate in industrialized countries, as well as its feminization and diversity. From a healthcare point of view, the phenomenon of migration has aroused interest in the possible transfer of transmissible infectious diseases from some regions to oth...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1157/13123261
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently documented a case of tropical spastic paraparesis by HTLV-I in a Spanish patient. HTLV-I infection is rare in Europe, and hardly ever is accompanied by symptoms, but if it does it could trigger a major health issue. This case is presented here, as well as a discussion on the situations in which HTLV-I...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2015.07.001
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The genetic and molecular mechanisms involved in antimicrobial resistance of 10 strains of gramnegative bacilli (1 Serratia marcescens; 2 Escherichia coli; 1 Proteus mirabilis; 4 Klebsiella pneumoniae; 1 Enterobacter cloacae y 1 Alcaligenes faecalis), isolated from adult patients with nosocomial pulmonary in...
journal_title:Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1997-06-01 00:00:00