Abstract:
:Pancreatic cancer is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Identification of defined patient groups based on a prognostic index may improve the prediction of survival and selection of therapy. Many prognostic factors have been identified often based on retrospective, underpowered studies with unclear analyses. Data from 653 patients were analysed. Continuous variables are often simplified assuming a linear relationship with log hazard or introducing a step function (dichotomising). Misspecification may lead to inappropriate conclusions but has not been previously investigated in pancreatic cancer studies. Models based on standard assumptions were compared with a novel approach using nonlinear fractional polynomial (FP) transformations. The model based on FP-transformed covariates was most appropriate and confirmed five previously reported prognostic factors: albumin, CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, LDH and metastases, and identified three additional factors not previously reported: WBC, AST and BUN. The effects of CA 19-9, alkaline phosphatase, AST and BUN may go unrecognised due to simplistic assumptions made in statistical modelling. We advocate a multivariable approach that uses information contained within continuous variables appropriately. The functional form of the relationship between continuous covariates and survival should always be assessed. Our model should aid individual patient risk stratification and the design and analysis of future trials in pancreatic cancer.
journal_name
Br J Cancerjournal_title
British journal of cancerauthors
Stocken DD,Hassan AB,Altman DG,Billingham LJ,Bramhall SR,Johnson PJ,Freemantle Ndoi
10.1038/sj.bjc.6604568subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-16 00:00:00pages
883-93issue
6eissn
0007-0920issn
1532-1827pii
6604568journal_volume
99pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Treatment of ex-breeder male NMRI mice with lipid mobilising factor isolated from the urine of cachectic cancer patients, caused a significant increase in glucose oxidation to CO2 compared with control mice receiving phosphate buffered saline. Glucose utilisation by various tissues was determined by the 2-deoxyglucose...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
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doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600493
更新日期:2002-08-27 00:00:00
abstract::To invade and metastasize, carcinomas must penetrate or lose their epithelial basement membrane (EBM), and then penetrate basement membranes (BMs) surrounding blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves and muscle cells. Knowledge of the composition of different BMs is necessary, so that appropriate antibodies and DNA probes ar...
journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::Changes in the buccal mucosa of 296 Indian and Malay betel-nut chewers in Perak, West Malaysia, were studied clinically. 167 out of 212 Indian subjects incorporated tobacco in their quids, while 45 out of 84 Malay subjects incorporated. "Gambir". The Indians appeared to show a higher proportion of mucosal changes, par...
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更新日期:2006-08-21 00:00:00
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doi:10.1038/bjc.1994.298
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doi:10.1038/bjc.1990.397
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doi:10.1038/s41416-019-0708-y
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abstract::Darbepoetin alfa is a novel erythropoiesis stimulating protein (NESP), which stimulates erythropoiesis by the same mechanism as recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). NESP has been shown to be safe and efficacious in patients with chronic renal failure. NESP is biochemically distinct from rHuEPO, due to its increa...
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1054/bjoc.2001.1748
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abstract::Periodate-treated, non-anticoagulant heparin-carrying polystyrene consists of about ten periodate-oxidized, alkaline-degraded low molecular weight-heparin chains linked to a polystyrene core and has a markedly lower anti-coagulant activity than heparin. In this study, we evaluated the effect of non-anticoagulant hepar...
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doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6600307
更新日期:2002-06-05 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1981.176
更新日期:1981-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjc.1993.512
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1038/bjc.1994.105
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6601116
更新日期:2003-07-21 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1054/bjoc.1999.1043
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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journal_title:British journal of cancer
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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