Abstract:
:There is evidence that cannabinoid-based medicines that are selective for different targets in the cannabinoid signalling system (e.g. receptors, inactivation mechanism, enzymes) might be beneficial in basal ganglia disorders, namely Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD). These benefits not only include the alleviation of specific motor symptoms [e.g. choreic movements with cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB(1))/transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 agonists in HD; bradykinesia with CB(1) antagonists and tremor with CB(1) agonists in PD], but also the delay of disease progression due to the neuroprotective properties demonstrated for cannabinoids (e.g. CB(1) agonists reduce excitotoxicity; CB(2) agonists limit the toxicity of reactive microglia; and antioxidant cannabinoids attenuate oxidative damage). In addition, extensive biochemical, anatomical, physiological and pharmacological studies have demonstrated that: (i) the different elements of the cannabinoid system are abundant in basal ganglia structures and they are affected by these disorders; (ii) the cannabinoid system plays a prominent role in basal ganglia function by modulating the neurotransmitters that operate in the basal ganglia circuits, both in healthy and pathological conditions; and (iii) the activation and/or inhibition of the cannabinoid system is associated with important motor responses that are maintained and even enhanced in conditions of malfunctioning and/or degeneration. In this article we will review the available data regarding the relationship between the cannabinoid system and basal ganglia activity, both in healthy and pathological conditions and will also try to identify future lines of research expected to increase current knowledge about the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting this system in PD, HD and other basal ganglia disorders.
journal_name
Br J Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of pharmacologyauthors
Fernández-Ruiz Jdoi
10.1111/j.1476-5381.2008.00088.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
1029-40issue
7eissn
0007-1188issn
1476-5381pii
BPH088journal_volume
156pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::1. The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of a novel, potent and specific phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE 5) inhibitor, 1,3 dimethyl-6-(2-propoxy-5-methane sulphonylamidophenyl)-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-(5H)-one (DMPPO) in phenylephrine-precontracted rat aortic rings and different in vivo rat p...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15548.x
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a member of the haem peroxidase-cyclooxygenase superfamily, is abundantly expressed in neutrophils and to a lesser extent in monocytes and certain type of macrophages. MPO participates in innate immune defence mechanism through formation of microbicidal reactive oxidants and diffusible radical s...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707358
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:As the pathogenesis of postoperative ileus (POI) involves inflammation and oxidative stress, comparable to ischaemia/reperfusion injury which can be ameliorated with nitrite, we investigated whether nitrite can protect against POI and explored the mechanisms involved. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH:We us...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bph.13255
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. We examined the effect of the sulphonylurea glimepiride on three types of recombinant ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels. 2. K(ATP) channels share a common pore-forming subunit, Kir6.2, which associates with different sulphonylurea receptor isoforms (SUR1 in beta-cells, SUR2A in heart and SUR2B in smooth mus...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704062
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In intact mesenteric arteries, increasing [K(+)]o by 5 mM hyperpolarized both endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Subsequent exposure to 10 microM phenylephrine depolarized both cell types which were then repolarized by a 5 mM increase in [K(+)]o. In endothelium-denuded vessels, increasing [K(+)]o by 5 mM hyperpolari...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704256
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The tension developed in the guinea-pig cremaster was recorded during spontaneous activity and electrical stimulation. Spontaneous rhythmic contraction was observed in many preparations, particularly in the tip of the cremaster. These contractions were very slow, lasting about 20 s and occuring at about 2 min interv...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07423.x
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Cannabis extracts and several cannabinoids have been shown to exert broad anti-inflammatory activities in experimental models of inflammatory CNS degenerative diseases. Clinical use of many cannabinoids is limited by their psychotropic effects. However, phytocannabinoids like cannabidiol (CBD), d...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01379.x
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Changes in the efficiency of the peristaltic reflex, acetylcholine (ACh) output and motor responses to transmural and periarterial nerve stimulation produced by bicuculline and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor desensitization were investigated in the guinea-pig isolated colon. Bicuculline, at concentrations una...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1987.tb16822.x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) provokes a hypertensive state which has been shown to be angiotensin II (Ang-II) dependent. In addition to raising blood pressure, NOS inhibition also causes leukocyte adhesion. The present study was designed to define the role of Ang-II in hypertension and in the l...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703867
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:We previously reported that NCX 2057, a compound comprising a nitric oxide (NO)-releasing moiety and the natural antioxidant, ferulic acid (FA), inhibits pro-inflammatory mediators through NO-mediated gene regulation. Here, we have assessed the activities of NCX 2057 in models of inflammatory and...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00324.x
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The opioid receptors are key targets in the treatment of acute and chronic pain, and the development of novel analgesics with reduced side effects is crucial in the search for more effective medications. The crystal structures of opioid receptors have provided a wealth of knowledge on many aspects of opioid receptor p...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1111/bph.13774
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The intravenous, subcutaneous and oral toxicity of ambenoxan in mice is reported.2. Ambenoxan is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant shown to be effective in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs and monkeys without loss of the righting reflex.3. It had no peripheral neuromuscular blocking properties.4. Decerebrate rig...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1970.tb08515.x
更新日期:1970-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction of ketamine with the 5-HT3 receptor of rabbit nodose ganglion neurones is described. Ketamine (3-30 microM) enhanced 5-HT3 receptor-mediated currents recorded under voltage-clamp conditions. This action did not appear to be related to the known effect of ketamine of inhibiting 5-HT uptake. ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb09837.x
更新日期:1991-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Subcutaneous administration of glucagon (1 and 0.5 mg/kg) 30 min before the injection of carrageenin or dextran into the rat's paw reduced oedema and the local exudation of Evans blue previously given intravenously. 2 The effect persisted after removal of the adrenal medulla but not after adrenalectomy. 3 When gluca...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1975.tb07611.x
更新日期:1975-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Kinins are pro-inflammatory peptides that are released during tissue injury, including that caused by inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we assessed the role and underlying mechanisms through which the absence of kinin B(1) receptors exacerbates the development of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-i...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02136.x
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. It was postulated that swelling dependent chloride channels are involved in the proton secretion of parietal cells. Since omeprazole, lansoprazole and its acid activated sulphenamide form AG2000 are structurally related to phenol derivatives known to block swelling dependent chloride channels, we set out to test, w...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703070
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) administration, repeated desmethylimipramine injection (5 mg kg-1, twice daily for 14 days) and acute administration of the beta-adrenoceptor, clenbuterol, on 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- and dopamine-mediated behaviours in mice have been examined. All three treatme...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1983.tb10044.x
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of injection of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDEA) (all 20 mg kg(-1)) on blood pressure, heart rate, core body temperature and locomotor activity in conscious rats were investigated using radiotelemetry. MDMA and MD...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706688
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. N-methyl-gamma-aminobutyrate (N-methylGABA), N-methylglycine, N-methyltaurine and N-methylbeta-alanine diminished the frequency of spontaneous spike discharges in guinea-pig cerebellar slices. Usually a weak excitatory effect preceded the inhibition. 2. The inhibitory effects of N-methylGABA and N-methylbeta-alanin...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1977.tb07720.x
更新日期:1977-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Perivascular nerves of the sheep middle cerebral artery show immunoreactivity for both vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). 2. Rings of endothelium-denuded sheep middle cerebral artery precontracted with 5-hydroxytryptamine were relaxed by CGRP (maximum relaxation = 87...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1991.tb12213.x
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. A study was made to exclude the notion that adenosine receptor agonists exert a direct physical blockade of the depolarization-secretion process. Reduced temperature was employed as a tool for distinguishing between physico-chemical processes (such as those which mediate evoked transmitter release) and biochemical ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11470.x
更新日期:1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Dopamine is assumed to affect the ovary function after its conversion into noradrenaline (NA). 2. To study this bovine luteal slices from 11-14 days of the oestrous cycle were preincubated for 24 h to recover beta-receptors and next they were incubated for 1, 2 or 4 h with (a) different doses of dopamine; (b) dopam...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15590.x
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Dilatation of cerebral and dural arteries causes a throbbing, migraine-like pain, indicating that these structures are involved in migraine. Clinical trials suggest that adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel opening may cause migraine by dilatating intracranial arteries, inclu...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.86
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of intravenous sufentanil and pre-administration of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists were tested on a reflex triggered by C-fibre activation. The reflex was elicited by electrical stimulation of the sural nerve and recorded from the ipsilateral biceps femoris muscle in halothane anaesthetiz...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704148
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of methylflavonolamine hydrochloride (4'-methyl-7-(2-hydroxy-3-isopropylamino-propoxy)-flavone hydrochloride, MFA) were investigated and compared with verapamil and papaverine on rabbit isolated aortic strips, which were contracted by noradrenaline, calcium and potassium. 2. Pre-incubation for 25 min wi...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1988.tb11637.x
更新日期:1988-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The effects of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulants on the histamine-forming capacity (HFC) of human isolated leucocytes have been studied, in vitro.2 It was confirmed that antigen significantly stimulates the HFC of human leucocytes.3 beta-Adrenoceptor stimulants, such as isoprenaline and salbutamol (10(-6)-10(-...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1974.tb09702.x
更新日期:1974-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of diprafenone and propafenone on transmembrane action potential were examined and compared in papillary muscles and single ventricular myocytes isolated from guinea-pig hearts. 2. In papillary muscles, both diprafenone and propafenone > or = 10(-6) M caused a significant and dose-dependent decrease in ...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1992.tb14529.x
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Dose-dependent vasodilator responses to dopamine, isoprenaline, noradrenaline, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and sodium nitroprusside were obtained in isolated perfused mesentery preparations, taken from reserpine-treated rats of different ages. The preparations were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine (1 microM)...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1989.tb16895.x
更新日期:1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nicotine and dimethyl-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) increased intravesicular pressure and then transiently depressed the spontaneous activity of the urinary bladder in chloralose anaesthetized cats. Adrenaline (5-10 micrograms kg-1), noradrenaline (5-20 micrograms kg-1) and isoprenaline (40-50 micrograms kg-1) which depre...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1984.tb16494.x
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent evidence has indicated that the mitogen platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can act acutely to regulate arterial tone. In this study we demonstrate that the BB isoform of PDGF (PDGF-BB) can cause endothelium-independent relaxation of rabbit isolated mesenteric arteries. In endothelium-denuded arteries, PDGF-B...
journal_title:British journal of pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0703771
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00