Abstract:
:Novel mechanisms, and molecular mediators, of the pro-tumorigenic effects of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) have been identified. These include CXCL12/SDF-1-mediated recruitment of bone marrow-derived endothelial precursor cell and pro-metastatic effects of CCL5. Co-culture experiments also suggest that CAFs can influence the drug-sensitivity of cancer cells. Comparisons of CAFs from different tumors have started to identify tumor-type specific differences in CAF gene expression and marker protein profiling indicates the existence of multiple distinct co-existing CAF-subsets. Studies in animal models have demonstrated that CAFs can be derived from bone marrow-derived cells or from epithelial or endothelial cells undergoing mesenchymal transition. The genetic status of CAFs remains controversial following conflicting findings. Meanwhile, analyses of CAFs from human tumors have revealed consistent epigenetic changes. An increasing number of translational studies have emphasized the prognostic significance of different CAF-related tumor characteristics. Clinical studies aiming at CAF-targeting can now be envisioned based on findings from experimental intervention studies with agents targeting, for example FAP or PDGF-, TGF-beta- or hedgehog-signaling.
journal_name
Curr Opin Genet Devjournal_title
Current opinion in genetics & developmentauthors
Ostman A,Augsten Mdoi
10.1016/j.gde.2009.01.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-02-01 00:00:00pages
67-73issue
1eissn
0959-437Xissn
1879-0380pii
S0959-437X(09)00004-5journal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::All the aspects of transcription are controlled by complexes that modify or remodel chromatin at the level of individual genes, gene clusters, or whole chromosomes. The MSL complex that is responsible for dosage compensation in Drosophila is an example of complexes that operate at the whole-chromosome level on the tra...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2009.10.004
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Subtelomeres are the regions at chromosome ends, immediately adjacent to the terminal telomeric repeats. The majority of human subtelomeres are CpG-rich in their distal two kilobases, and are methylated during early embryonic development by the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3B. The biological relevance of subtelom...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2020.02.004
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Radiotherapy is a form of cancer treatment that utilizes the ability of ionizing radiation to induce cell inactivation and cell death, generally via inflicting DNA double-strand breaks. However, different tumors and their normal surrounding tissues are not equally sensitive to radiation, posing a major challenge in th...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2013.01.002
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are highly abundant in and essential to the beat-to-beat contractile performance of hearts. However, relatively few cardiac diseases have been attributed to primary mitochondrial dysfunction. The paucity of evidence for 'primary mitochondrial cardiac diseases' may be because such an entity does not exist....
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.001
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the prime cause of dementia and presents a strong genetic predisposition (60-80% of the attributable risk). In addition to APOE, a major recognized genetic determinant of AD, systematic, high-throughput genomic approaches have recently allowed the characterization of four new genetic determ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.02.002
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in cell reprogramming via employing different sets of factors, which allows generation of various cell types that are beyond the downstream developmental lineages from the starting cell type, provide significant opportunities to study fundamental biology and hold enormous promise in regenerative medici...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.09.006
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To understand organ morphogenetic mechanisms, it is essential to clarify how spatiotemporally-regulated molecular/cellular dynamics causes physical tissue deformation. In the case of vertebrate limb development, while some of the genes and oriented cell behaviors underlying morphogenesis have been revealed, tissue def...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2017.04.005
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pattern of expression of homeodomain proteins often exceeds their apparent domain of activity. Tissue-specific proteins that modulate the in vivo activity of homeodomain proteins have been proposed to account for this functional restriction. The first identified example of such an accessory protein is DCoH, which ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(93)90030-s
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The success of treatment of cancer patients depends on matching the most effective therapeutic regimen with the characteristics of the individual patient, balancing benefit against risk of adverse events. The primary challenge in achieving this goal is the heterogeneity of the disease, recognizing that breast, lung, c...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.01.018
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cloning of large DNAs as yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) holds the promise of greatly expanding the scope of physical genomic mapping. Recent improvements in YAC clone libraries and their screening, as well as in the analysis of YAC-cloned DNA, are beginning to fulfill the potential of this system. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0959-437x(91)80044-m
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evolutionary studies suggest that the limbs of vertebrates and the appendages of arthropods do not share a common origin. However, recent genetic studies show new similarities in their developmental programmes. These similarities might be caused by the independent recruitment of homologous genes for similar functions ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.007
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pituitary gland functions as a relay between the hypothalamus and peripheral target organs that regulate basic physiological functions, including growth, the stress response, reproduction, metabolism and lactation. The development of the pituitary gland has been studied extensively in mice, and has begun to be exp...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.04.011
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a rare multiple malformation disorder with characteristic facial features, growth and cognitive retardation, and many other abnormalities. CdLS individuals were recently shown to have heterozygous mutations in a previously uncharacterised gene, NIPBL, which encodes delangin, a homo...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.04.005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Logical models provide insight about key control elements of biological networks. Based solely on the logical structure, we can determine state transition diagrams that give the allowed possible transitions in a coarse grained phase space. Attracting pathways and stable nodes in the state transition diagram correspond...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2010.09.005
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The initial human and chimpanzee genome sequences have been published, and additional primate genomes, including those of gorilla and orang-utan, are in progress. With these new resources, we can now address what makes our species unique, by focusing on the underlying genetic differences associated with phenotypes. Co...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.09.003
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hox proteins regulate specific sets of target genes to give rise to morphological distinctions along the anterior-posterior body axis of metazoans. Though they have high developmental specificity, Hox proteins have low DNA binding specificity, so how they select the appropriate target genes has remained enigmatic. The...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2005.06.009
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Considerable progress has been made in unraveling the mechanistic features of RNA editing processes in a number of genetic systems. Recent highlights include the identification of the catalytic subunit of the mammalian apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme as a zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase that binds to RNA, the d...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80054-2
更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Models in developmental biology continue to yield valuable insights, yet do not play a strong role as guides to experiment. This may be because of the largely unexplored complexity of most developing organisms, and the fact that the most powerful models work at a very abstract level. In Dictyostelium discoideum, howev...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80186-8
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cancer stem cells and their potential roles in tumor heterogeneity are currently subjects of intense investigation. Studies suggest that these cells may develop from any normal cell and have begun to elucidate their molecular profiles. The percentage of a tumor composed of cancer stem cells varies greatly, and researc...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2008.12.003
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genotype-phenotype map of human evolution is difficult to access since humans cannot be crossed with other species. Most of the ∼20 million genetic changes that occurred since the human and the chimpanzee lineage split, are fixed and hence completely correlated with all phenotypic changes that occurred during huma...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.008
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ras proteins activate a signaling cascade through direct binding of the serine/threonine kinase Raf. They also activate additional signaling pathways that are essential for full biological activity. Candidate effectors for these pathways include RalGDS and phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase, as well as several other Ras ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80112-8
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Selfish Operon Model postulates that the organization of bacterial genes into operons is beneficial to the constituent genes in that proximity allows horizontal cotransfer of all genes required for a selectable phenotype; eukaryotic operons formed for very different reasons. Horizontal transfer of selfish operons ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(99)00025-8
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cell proliferation is dependent upon the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases and integrins by soluble growth factors and extracellular matrix proteins, respectively. It is now apparent that concerted, rather than individual, signaling by these receptors is the critical feature responsible for cell-cycle progressio...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(00)00155-6
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ras proteins play a critical role in controlling normal cellular growth and, when activated by mutation, in causing malignant transformation. Regulation of p21ras is achieved by GTPase activating proteins, which control the rate of hydrolysis of GTP to GDP, and also by GDP dissociation stimulators, which catalyze the ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80315-6
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The sequences of both of the human sex chromosomes and of a substantial part of the chimpanzee Y chromosome have now been determined, and most of the protein-coding genes have been identified. The X chromosome codes for more than 800 proteins but the Y chromosome for only approximately 60, illustrating their very diff...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.006
更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The gene regulatory networks that control sex determination vary between species. Despite these differences, comparative studies in insects have found that alternative splicing is reiteratively used in evolution to control expression of the key sex-determining genes. Sex determination is best understood in Drosophila ...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2011.03.001
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc has been described as 'direct' reprogramming in contrast to reprogramming via nuclear transfer. Interestingly, recent studies have suggested that the conversion process itself includes transient up-regulation and down-regulation of h...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.gde.2014.08.006
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The past few years have been significant advances in our understanding of eukaryotic genomes. In the field of parasitology, this is best exemplified by the application of genome mapping techniques to the study of genome structure and function in the protozoan parasite, Leishmania. Although much is known about the orga...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(96)80024-4
更新日期:1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the past year, significant advances have been made in understanding the functions of the oncoproteins, E6 and E7, of human papillomaviruses that are associated with malignant genital tumors. In addition, important new information is now available on the responses of both the keratinocyte and of the individual f...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(05)80329-6
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrotransposable element insertions are 20 times more numerous per unit length of DNA in the large human genome compared to the small Drosophila genome. Whereas all Drosophila elements are subject to constant turnover (recent insertion and elimination by selection), this has not generally been the case for human retr...
journal_title:Current opinion in genetics & development
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0959-437x(02)00359-3
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00