Abstract:
:It has been rare to find studies of the influence of nutrition on growth that have incorporated careful measurements of physical activity. This paper reviews interactions between physical activity and nutrition in early life and finds that such interactions have a significant influence on growth and later metabolism.Young animals are generally characterized by a high level of spontaneous motor activity that contributes to a high rate of energy turnover in early life. Such activity varies greatly between species and individuals and can be increased by reduced (but not extreme) dietary intake especially of protein, with consequent effects on growth rate (slower), body composition (leaner), eventual body size (smaller), lifespan (longer), cardiac resistance to toxic substances (increased) and changes in body lipids. Most studies have been conducted with laboratory rats but the much smaller literature concerning human beings is also reviewed here.In rats, exercise during pregnancy results in offspring that are smaller and leaner and there are later improvements in cardiac microstructure, cardiac resistance to toxic substances and lower plasma cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations.In industrialized countries in recent years, children's fitness, especially of the cardiorespiratory system has not developed at the same pace as body size, or has deteriorated, whereas average body mass index (BMI) and the overall prevalence of obesity have increased. This is partly accounted for by reduced levels of physical activity but there is some evidence that higher intakes of dietary proteins in early life are also implicated. Much recent research has focused on the influence of nutrition in the prenatal and early postnatal period on later health. This review has also underlined the importance of exercise and its interaction with diet beginning with the pregnant mother and continuing through childhood. Development and wider use of simple but reliable methods for the evaluation of physical activity and fitness in young children is now an important priority.
journal_name
Nutr Res Revjournal_title
Nutrition research reviewsauthors
Parízková Jdoi
10.1079/NRR19980006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-06-01 00:00:00pages
71-90issue
1eissn
0954-4224issn
1475-2700pii
S0954422498000079journal_volume
11pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cognitive outcomes are frequently implemented as endpoints in nutrition research. To reduce the number of statistical comparisons it is commonplace for nutrition researchers to combine cognitive test results into a smaller number of broad cognitive abilities. However, there is a clear lack of understanding and consens...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422414000158
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR2005101
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422409990035
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422411000047
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200479
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200121
更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422419000076
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422419000180
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422414000183
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422407747881
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200357
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::CVD are the leading cause of death in women globally, with ageing associated with progressive endothelial dysfunction and increased CVD risk. Natural menopause is characterised by raised non-fasting TAG concentrations and impairment of vascular function compared with premenopausal women. However, the mechanisms underl...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422418000033
更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is used widely as part of a combined modality for the treatment of prostate cancer. However, ADT has also been associated with the development of cardiometabolic complications that can increase mortality from cardiovascular events. There is emerging evidence to suggest that ADT-relat...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422417000087
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/095442299108728893
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422416000068
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1017/S0954422420000165
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR19970007
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ultimate goal in the design of infant formula is to achieve the outcome seen in breast fed infants. This review of lipids in infant formulas for term infants begins by referring to the lipid composition of human milk, and relates that to differences in lipid digestion and metabolism which exist between breast fed ...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR19980018
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The primary reason for processing maize is to enhance feeding value. Total tract starch digestion is similar for coarsely processed (dry rolled, cracked) dry maize. Enhancements in starch digestion due to dry rolling maize v. feeding maize whole may be greater in light-weight calves than in yearlings, and when DM inta...
journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422411000096
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/NRR200235
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422416000226
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1079/095442200108729070
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Nutrition research reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1017/S0954422412000145
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00