Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To explore designs for evaluating the prognostic and predictive value of medical tests and their effect on patient outcome. STUDY DESIGN:Theoretical analysis with examples from the medical literature. RESULTS:For evaluating the prognostic value of a test, one can include the test at baseline in prognostic studies. To evaluate the value of test in predicting treatment outcome, the test results can be used as baseline information in randomized controlled trials of treatment. To compare the prognostic or predictive value of two or more tests, the test result combinations can be used as baseline information. To evaluate the effect on patient outcome, randomized controlled trials of test strategies are an option. Randomization can apply to all tested or be restricted to specific subgroups, such as those with discordant test results, to increase the efficiency of trials. CONCLUSION:The prognostic and predictive value of medical tests can and should be evaluated, to demonstrate the test's ability to guide clinical decision making and to improve patient outcome. Various randomized designs can be used to evaluate the effects on testing on patient outcome.
journal_name
J Clin Epidemioljournal_title
Journal of clinical epidemiologyauthors
Lijmer JG,Bossuyt PMdoi
10.1016/j.jclinepi.2008.06.017subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
364-73issue
4eissn
0895-4356issn
1878-5921pii
S0895-4356(08)00188-1journal_volume
62pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Assessment of changes in endemic infections in health care facilities are often based on comparison of infection rates over time. This study compared two methods for calculating and depicting infection data at a hospital-based nursing home care unit. Prospective incidence surveillance of nursing home acquired infectio...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:1988-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Treatments may be more effective in some patients than others, and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis of randomized trials provides perhaps the best method of investigating treatment-covariate interactions. Various methods are used; we provide a comprehensive critique and develop guidance on meth...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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abstract::Biologic studies have suggested that antidepressant use may increase breast cancer risk. We conducted a systematic review of trials and controlled epidemiologic studies to assess this association. Pooled data from 31 primary efficacy drug company trials of fluoxetine suggested no increased risk but the short duration ...
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to determine coronary events in a defined Sudanese population. All coronary events occurring in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, were registered during the calendar year 1989. The cold pursuit method of identifying coronary events by surveillance of routinely collected data was adopted. A total...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence of iron deficiency and overload in the adult population in Iceland, a developed Scandinavian country. The study population consisted of 4240 individuals aged 25-74 years randomly selected from the national roster. Basic hematological, S-iron, S-total...
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.01.019
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.12.017
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:1996-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the impact of including unpublished data on adverse effects in systematic reviews. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING:We carried out a systematic review of methodological evaluations that compared the quantitative reporting of adverse effects data between published and unpublished sources, in particular, the...
journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2018-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(97)00182-0
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2016.04.015
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
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更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2006.08.004
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.08.001
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.10.007
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2013.10.025
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
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更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of clinical epidemiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00