Abstract:
:Fat cell lipolysis, the cleavage of triglycerides and release of fatty acids and glycerol, evolved to enable survival during prolonged food deprivation but is paradoxically increased in obesity, in which a surfeit of all energy metabolites is found. Essential, previously-unsuspected components have been discovered in the lipolytic machinery, at the protective interface of the lipid droplet surface and in the signaling pathways that control lipolysis. At least two adipocyte lipases are important for controlling lipolysis, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Perilipin (PLIN) and possibly other proteins of the lipid droplet surface are master regulators of lipolysis, protecting or exposing the triglyceride core of the droplet to lipases. The prototypes for hormonal lipolytic control are beta adrenergic stimulation and suppression by insulin, both of which affect cyclic AMP levels and hence the protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of HSL and PLIN. Newly-recognized mediators of lipolysis include atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclic GMP, the ketone body 3-hydroxybutyrate, AMP kinase and mitogen-activated kinases. Lipolysis must be interpreted in its physiological context since similar rates of basal or stimulated lipolysis occur under different conditions and by different mechanisms. Age, sex, anatomical site, genotype and species differences are each important variables. Manipulation of lipolysis has therapeutic potential in several inborn errors and in the metabolic syndrome that frequently complicates obesity.
journal_name
Mol Genet Metabjournal_title
Molecular genetics and metabolismauthors
Wang S,Soni KG,Semache M,Casavant S,Fortier M,Pan L,Mitchell GAdoi
10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.06.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-01 00:00:00pages
117-26issue
3eissn
1096-7192issn
1096-7206pii
S1096-7192(08)00193-5journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The CLN3 gene, which encodes the protein whose absence is responsible for Batten disease, the most common inherited neurovisceral storage disease of childhood, was identified in 1995. The function of the protein, Cln3p, still remains elusive. We previously cloned the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog to the human CLN3 ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.1999.2820
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We report here the isolation, characterization, and chromosomal localization of the genes encoding the human and corresponding murine orthologue of solute carrier family 19A member 3 (SLC19A3). Human SLC19A3 encodes a 496-amino-acid residue protein with a predicted molecular weight of 56 kDa that shares sequence simil...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.2000.3112
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI) in 160 patients from 92 families by means of a PCR-based mutation screening strategy, consisting of restriction enzyme digestion and direct sequencing. Sixteen different mutations of the aldolase B (ALDOB) gene were identified in HFI patients...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2008.05.003
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The number of newborns and the number of disorders detected by large-scale screening programs has increased dramatically in the last decade. Newborn screening is a multi-step process requiring confirmatory testing to establish and refine a diagnosis. Whereas screening cutoffs are established to detect all ca...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.08.020
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To better delineate the natural history of patients with methylmalonic aciduria (MMA). STUDY DESIGN:Thirty patients with vitamin-B12-unresponsive MMA (25 aged 1.5 to 22.0 years (y) at the end of the study and 5 who died during a metabolic crisis) were managed following standardized guidelines and studied ret...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.03.006
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glycogen storage disease type-Ia (GSD-Ia) patients deficient in glucose-6-phosphatase-α (G6Pase-α or G6PC) manifest impaired glucose homeostasis characterized by fasting hypoglycemia, growth retardation, hepatomegaly, nephromegaly, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and lactic acidemia. Two efficacious recombinant adeno-a...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.014
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. A novel homozygous MTHFR c.474A>T (p.G158G) mutation was detected in two unrelated children of Jewish Bukharian origin. This mutation generates an abnormal splicing and early termination codon. A carrier frequency of 1:39 (5...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.08.011
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, BH(4)-responsive phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency was reported in patients with specific mutations in the PAH gene, and it was suggested that BH(4) responsiveness may be determined by the respective genotypes. We now report on three patients with PAH deficiency and the same genotype but different r...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.2001.3168
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inborn defects of cholesterol biosynthesis are metabolic disorders presenting with multi-organ and tissue anomalies. An autosomal recessive defect involving the demethylating enzyme C4-methyl sterol (SC4MOL) has been reported in only 4 patients so far. In infancy, all patients were affected by microcephaly, bilateral ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.06.013
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are caused by enzymatic defects of the formation or processing of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and glycoproteins. Since the majority of proteins is glycosylated, a defect in a singular CDG enzyme leads to a multisytemic disease with secondary malfunction of thousands of pro...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2012.01.001
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is a very heterogeneous urea cycle disorder resulting in hyperammonemia with various presentations from the neonatal period through adulthood. We performed a retrospective study in nine patients (four male/five female, age at diagnosis ranging from 6 days to 14 years) to evaluate ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.2001.3156
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), identification of one nonsense mutation in the DMD gene has been considered an endpoint of genetic diagnosis. Here, we identified two closely spaced nonsense mutations in the DMD gene. In a Malaysian DMD patient two nonsense mutations (p.234S>X and p.249Q>X, respectively) were ide...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.04.002
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of lysosomal storage diseases (LSD), characterized by the deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme responsible for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAG). This deficiency leads to the lysosomal accumulation of partially degraded GAG. Nevertheless, deficiency of a single lysosomal en...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.08.001
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brody disease is an inherited myopathy associated with a defective function of sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 1 (SERCA1) protein. Mutations in the ATP2A1 gene have been reported only in some patients. Therefore it has been proposed to distinguish patients with ATP2A1 mutations, Brody disease (BD), fr...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.07.015
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) and mucolipidoses (ML) are groups of lysosomal storage disorders in which lysosomal hydrolases are deficient leading to accumulation of undegraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), throughout the body, subsequently resulting in progressive damage to multiple tissues and organs. Assays using tande...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.12.010
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gaucher disease is caused by the defective catabolism of the simple glycosphingolipid, glucosylceramide (GlcCer), due to mutations in the GBA1 gene which encodes for acid β-glucosidase (GCase), the lysosomal enzyme that degrades GlcCer. Today, Gaucher disease patients are routinely treated with recombinant GCase, in a...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 传,历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2016.11.390
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pompe disease is a generalized lysosomal glycogenosis affecting essentially the skeletal muscles and the heart. It is due to the deficiency of acid alpha-glucosidase, also called acid maltase, involved in glycogen degradation by the cleavage of alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages. The severe infantile, milder ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1006/mgme.2000.3003
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pyruvoyl Tetrahydropterin Synthase (PTPS) Deficiency is the most common form of BH4 deficiency resulting in hyperphenylalaninemia. It can have variable clinical severity and there is limited information on the clinical presentation, natural history and effectiveness of newborn screening for this condition. ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.11.004
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::In utero cocaine exposure can affect CNS development. Previous studies showed that cocaine inhibits neuronal differentiation in a dose-dependent fashion, in nerve growth factor (NGF)-stimulated PC12 cells, without affecting cell viability. NGF activates intracellular signaling proteins, specific immediate-early genes ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.1998.2699
更新日期:1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a specific lysosomal storage disorder caused by an enzyme deficiency in sulphamidase, which is required for the degradation of heparan sulphate glycosaminoglycan (gag). This deficiency results in widespread gag storage and leads to severe CNS degeneration and mild somatic ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.06.016
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phenotypic expression of the deafness-associated mitochondrial A1555G mutation in the 12S rRNA gene is influenced by aminoglycosides and complex inheritance of nuclear-encoded modifier genes. The position of a major nuclear modifier gene has been localized to chromosome 8p23.1, but the identification of this gene has ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2004.07.009
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare muscle disorder often characterized, along the disease course, by severe respiratory failure. We describe herein respiratory muscles and lung abnormalities in LOPD patients using MR imaging and CT examinations correlated to pulmonary function tests. Ten LOPD patients were stud...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.06.023
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hereditary renal hypouricemia (HRH) is an inborn error of renal membrane transport specific for uric acid, resulting in increased renal urate clearance associated with hypouricemia. Apparently in most HRH patients, the disorder is caused by loss of function mutations in the gene SLC22A12 coding for human urate transpo...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.03.015
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mucolipidosis type II (ML II) is a fatal, autosomal recessive, lysosomal storage disorder characterized by severe clinical and radiologic features. ML II results from mutations in alpha and beta subunits, encoded by the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase gene (GNPTAB). Most of the 40 different GNPTAB mutations reported so fa...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.09.010
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are associated with potential for injury to the developing central nervous system resulting in chronic encephalopathy, though the etiopathophysiology of neurological injury have not been fully established in many disorders. Shared mechanisms can be envisioned such as oxidative i...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.06.020
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A common follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (or FSHR) polymorphism Ser680Asn (rs6166) was found to be associated with altered ovarian response in women undergoing in-vitro fertilization. To further investigate such an association, a meta-analysis was conducted. METHODS:A PubMed literature search wa...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.04.005
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A high homocysteine phenotype, often accompanied by low folate, is associated with several pathologies including cardiovascular disease and birth defects. This phenotype appears to be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors, which may act in a sex-dependent manner. The present analyses were undertaken to ...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2007.11.004
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of fatty acids, catalyzed by acyl-coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) synthetases, is required for their subsequent metabolism. Peroxisomes and microsomes contain very-long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (VLCSs) capable of activating fatty acids with a chain length of 22 or more carbons. Decreased peroxisomal VLCS activity i...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/mgme.1999.2883
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Wilson's disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism with copper accumulation in the liver as well as in the central nervous system. Treatment of WD includes oral chelating agents and diet and it is effective. However, once irreversible damage has occurred, the effect of treatment is diminishe...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s1096-7192(02)00026-4
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Anophthalmia and microphthalmia (A/M) are significant eye defects because they can have profound effects on visual acuity. A/M is associated with non-ocular abnormalities in an estimated 33-95% of cases and around 25% of patients have an underlying genetic syndrome that is diagnosable. Syndrome recognition is importan...
journal_title:Molecular genetics and metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.09.029
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00