Abstract:
:In three-phase internal loop airlift reactors, the detachment of biomass from suspended biofilm pellets in the presence of bare carrier particles was investigated under nongrowth conditions. The detachment rate was dominated by collisions between bare carrier particles and biofilm pellets. The concentration of bare carrier particles and the carrier roughness strongly influenced the detachment rate. A change in flow regime from bubbling to slug flow considerably increased the detachment rate. Otherwise, the superficial gas velocity did not directly affect the detachment rate. The influence of particle size was not clear. The bottom clearance did not affect the detachment rate within the tested range. Other aspects of reactor geometry might be important. The main detachment processes were abrasion and breakage of biofilm pellets. During the detachment process, two phases could be distinguished. In the first phase the detachment was relatively high, and both breakage and abrasion of biofilm pellets occurred. During the second phase, breakage dominated and the detachment rate was lower. The two-phase behavior is explained by differences in strength between the inner and outer biofilm layers, possibly caused by variations in local growth rates during biofilm formation. Differences in growth history might also explain the various detachment rates observed with different biofilm batches. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Gjaltema A,Tijhuis L,van Loosdrecht MC,Heijnen JJdoi
10.1002/bit.260460309subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-05-05 00:00:00pages
258-69issue
3eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A novel endoglucanase gene, celM , was cloned from a thermal spring metagenome. The gene was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the protein was extracted and purified. The protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of amorphous cellulose in a wide range of temperatures, 30-95°C, with optimal activity at 80°C. It was able to tol...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27668
更新日期:2021-01-06 00:00:00
abstract::In this short review, we describe the use of high molecular weight proteins produced in the glands of several arthropods-commonly called silks-for the purpose to enhance human skin wound healing. To this end an extensive literature search has been performed, the publications have been categorized concerning silk prepa...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bit.25654
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gluconic acid and sorbitol were simultaneously produced from glucose and Jerusalem artichoke using a glucose-fructose oxidoreductase of Zymomonas mobilis and inulinase. Inulinase was immobilized on chitin by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. Cells of Z. mobilis permeabilized with toluene were coimmobilized with chiti...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260390312
更新日期:1992-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::In regenerative medicine, computer models describing bioreactor processes can assist in designing optimal process conditions leading to robust and economically viable products. In this study, we started from a (3D) mechanistic model describing the growth of neotissue, comprised of cells, and extracellular matrix, in a...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26500
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Proper analysis of label distribution in metabolic pathway intermediates is critical for correct interpretation of experimental data and strategic experimental design. While, for example, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is usually limited to the measurement of degrees of 13C enrichment, more informat...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990220)62:4<375::aid-bit
更新日期:1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzyme clustering into compact agglomerates could accelerate the processing of intermediates to enhance metabolic pathway flux. However, enzyme clustering is still a challenging task due to the lack of universal assembly strategy applicable to all enzymes. Therefore, we proposed an alternative enzyme assembly strategy...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27304
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan is an important prerequisite for the utilization of hemicellulose for ethanol fermentation or for making the low calorie sweetener xylitol by catalytic hydrogenation of the generated xylose. This study focus on cloning and characterization of two industrial relevant beta-xylosidase...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20908
更新日期:2006-08-05 00:00:00
abstract::Cytochrome c-oxidase, used as a model membrane-bound enzyme, was embedded in phospholipid bilayer membranes, attached to nanometer-sized Fe(3)O(4) colloids (so-called magnetoliposomes). In comparison with the lipid-depleted free enzyme, both the activity and the enzymatic stability of the complexes, stored at 4 degree...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19960320)49:6<654::AID-BIT
更新日期:1996-03-20 00:00:00
abstract::This study demonstrated that hydrogen-producing acidogenic sludge could agglutinate into granules in a well-mixed reactor treating a synthetic sucrose-containing wastewater at 26 degrees C, pH 5.5, with 6 h of hydraulic retention. A typical matured granule is 1.6 mm in diameter, 1.038 g/mL in density, 11% in ash conte...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10174
更新日期:2002-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of pyruvate kinase (PK), pyruvate: formate-lyase (PFL), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and citrate synthase (CS) involved in the anaerobic glycerol conversion by Klebsiella pneumoniae were studied in continuous culture under conditions of steady states and sustained oscillations. Both the in vitro and in...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::As nitrogen discharge limits are becoming more stringent, short-cut nitrogen systems and tertiary nitrogen polishing steps are gaining popularity. For partial nitritation or nitritation-denitritation systems, anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) polishing may be feasible to remove residual ammonia and nitrite from th...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25826
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genetically-engineered cells offer a solution to the cell availability problem in tissue engineering a pancreatic substitute for the treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes. These cells can be non-beta cells, such as hepatocytes or myoblasts, retrieved as a biopsy from the same patient and genetically engineered to se...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20817
更新日期:2006-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years there has been a considerable interest in developing membrane chromatography systems that function as a short, wide chromatographic column in which the adsorptive packing consists of one or more microporous membranes. This study reports the use of new adsorber membranes prepared by the incorporation of...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10807
更新日期:2003-12-05 00:00:00
abstract::This reports on the determination of the overall oxygen transfer coefficient in a mechanically agitated vessel using a randomly pulsed dynamic method. This method consists in exciting the system by randomly switching the inlet gas stream with air or nitrogen with an identical volumetric flow rate. A pseudo-random bina...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260370914
更新日期:1991-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Immobilized enzyme hollow fibers may be useful in the purification or treatment of whole blood under clinical conditions. In this study, catalytically pure heparinase was immobilized to cellulose to analyze the feasibility for the removal of heparin's anticoagulant activity from whole blood. The kinetics of catalytica...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260341105
更新日期:1989-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::The effective diffusivity of oxygen, D(e), in Ca-alginate and PVA-SbQ gels was measured using a two-chamber vessel with a membrane between the two chambers. The effect of cell density, C(c), on D(e) in Ca-alginate gels was studied. The effective diffusivity of oxygen decreased with increasing cell density, to C(c) = 1...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260340107
更新日期:1989-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important variable in aerobic fermentations and affects the cell growth and product formation. Dissolved oxygen control is difficult in batch fermentations because of the time-varying conditions, time delays, and the probe dynamics. Modeling of the various patterns of biological activit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19981005)60:1<1::aid-bit1>
更新日期:1998-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Glycolytic flux is increased and acetate production is reduced in Escherichia coli by the expression of heterologous NADH oxidase (NOX) from Streptococcus pneumoniae coupled with the deletion of the arcA gene, which encodes the ArcA regulatory protein. In this study, we examined the overproduction of a model recombina...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20853
更新日期:2006-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::We consider the application of high-throughput experimentation (HTE), including combinatorial methods, to catalyst discovery and early-phase optimization. While combinatorial- and parallel-testing methods have an already substantial history in catalysis, recent work by several groups promises significant efficiency ga...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(1998)61:4<203::aid-cc3>3.0
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In analyzing microbial cellulose utilization, it would be useful to independently measure the mass concentration of cells and cellulase enzymes. Such measurements would allow investigation of the allocation of cellular resources between synthesis of cells and cellulase, in vivo cell- and cellulase-specific cellulose h...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10142
更新日期:2002-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::Biomass autoflocculation in outdoor algal cultures was found to be associated with increases of culture pH levels, due to CO(2) consumption by the algal photosynthetic activity. Under these alkaline conditions, some medium chemical ions precipitated together with the algal biomass. The chemical substances involved wit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260260206
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lipase from Candida cylindracea (CCL) was incorporated into polymerizable positively charged dialkylammonium bromide surfactant vesicles. The enzyme was incorporated by the use of the dehydration-rehydration method or by incubation. In the latter case, trapping efficiencies of up to 100% could be obtained. Activities ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260420207
更新日期:1993-06-20 00:00:00
abstract::The production of ethanol from carob pod extract by free and immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in batch and fed-batch culture was investigated. Fed-batch culture proved to be a better fermentation system for the production of ethanol than batch culture. In fed-batch culture, both free and immobilized S. cerev...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260430302
更新日期:1994-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The redox control bioreactor (RCB) is a new hollow fiber membrane bioreactor (HFMBR) design in which oxygen and hydrogen gases are provided simultaneously through separate arrays of juxtaposed hollow fiber (HF) membranes. This study applied the RCB for completely autotrophic conversion of ammonia to N(2) through nitri...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21617
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A novel reaction system was developed to maximize the catalytic efficiency of chloroperoxidase (CPO, from Caldariomyces fumago) toward the oxidation of hydrocarbons. The reaction system consisted of an organic/aqueous emulsion comprising pure substrate and aqueous buffer supplemented with the surfactant dioctyl sulfos...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20769
更新日期:2006-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::Invertase from Candida utilis was immobilized on porous cellulose beads by an ionic-quanidino bond. The immobilized invertase showed optimum activity between pH 4.0 and 5.4, while the free enzyme had a sharp optimum at pH 4.1. Both temperature profiles were fairly similar up to 55 degrees C. However, above this temper...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260190307
更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activities of lipase from Candida cylindracea and Rhizopus delemar have been investigated in water/AOT/iso-octane reverse micellar media through the use of two esterification reactions: fatty acid-alcohol esterification and glyceride synthesis. Such media promotes the occurrence of these two lipase-catalyzed react...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260350807
更新日期:1990-04-05 00:00:00
abstract::The dissociation constant, K(d) , is an important parameter for characterizing protein-protein interaction affinities. SUMOylation is one of the important protein post-translational modifications and it involves a multi-step enzymatic cascade reaction, resulting in peptide activation and substrate conjugation. Multipl...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.24564
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We demonstrate a novel application of (13)C pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR to monitor mass transfer, due to both flow and diffusion, in a 3D complex porous support structure modified by biofilm growth. This enables timescales an order of magnitude larger than previously possible to be accessed with respect to displac...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21913
更新日期:2008-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::A thermodynamic model was used in this study to predict the adhesion of Phanerochaete chrysosporium INA-12 as conidiospores or mycelium to various solid carriers. Theoretical predictions were closely reflected by experimental results. Amount of immobilized mycelium was higher for hydrophobic (polypropylene and polyure...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260350505
更新日期:1990-03-05 00:00:00