Abstract:
:An important goal of outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) is to provide a drug and dosing regimen that allows for convenient administration of the antibiotic in the outpatient setting. While once-daily administration or handling of the drug would be ideal, dosing frequencies up to three times a day for intravenous administration and twice daily for intramuscular injection can be tolerated by most patients. The frequency and method of antimicrobial administration is dependent not only on the kinetics of drug concentrations in serum and tissues (i.e pharmacokinetics), but also on the kinetics or time course of the drug's antimicrobial activity (i.e. pharmacodynamics). This short review will focus on the interaction between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for the major classes of antibacterial agents used for outpatient parenteral therapy.
journal_name
Int J Antimicrob Agentsjournal_title
International journal of antimicrobial agentsauthors
Craig WAdoi
10.1016/0924-8579(94)00048-ysubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-01-01 00:00:00pages
19-22issue
1eissn
0924-8579issn
1872-7913pii
0924-8579(94)00048-Yjournal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are at risk of acquiring chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections. The biofilm mode of growth of P. aeruginosa induces tolerance to antibiotics and the host response; accordingly, treatment failure occurs. Supplemental azithromycin has proven beneficial in CF owing to potential immu...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106213
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nacubactam is a novel non-β-lactam diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor under development for the treatment of serious Gram-negative infections. This study assessed the efficacy of human-simulated epithelial lining fluid (ELF) exposure of nacubactam in combination with meropenem against AmpC-overproducing (n=4) an...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.10.019
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polymyxins were recently approved for the clinical treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in China. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular mechanisms of polymyxin-resistant CRE prior to the clinical application of polymyxin and to evaluate the potential for e...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106262
更新日期:2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies have demonstrated that sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of antimicrobial agents can inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. However, the mechanisms by which antimicrobial agents at sub-MICs inhibit biofilm formation remain unclear. At present, most studies are focused on Gram-negative bacteri...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2012.01.009
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::With the abuse of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin (MLS), the traditionally safe bifidobacterial strains in the human intestine could serve as a reservoir of MLS resistance genes. In this study, the erm(X) gene was detected in 29 MLS-resistant strains and one MLS-susceptible strain among 92 bifidobacterial st...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.04.007
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colistin remains a last-line antibiotic for the treatment of infections by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter species. However, mortality rates are high in patients with Acinetobacter infection receiving colistin treatment. This multicentre study evaluated whether colistin susceptibility, additional antimicrobial agent...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105956
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activities of cefixime, a new third-generation cephalosporin, and of 18 other antimicrobial agents against 18 strains of Helicobacter pylori were determined. The strains of H. pylori were isolated from gastric biopsy specimens and tested for sensitivity to antibiotics by an agar dilution technique under m...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0924-8579(93)90020-6
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aspergillus flavus is the second most common Aspergillus spp. causing invasive infections in immunocompromised patients. Extensive prophylactic use of voriconazole (VCZ) in immunocompromised patients may enhance the selection of VCZ-resistant clinical isolates of A. flavus, compromising the effectiveness of this antif...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.06.018
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of lomefloxacin with that of cefaclor in the treatment of adult secondary bacterial skin and skin structure infections. The study was conducted as a randomized, single-blind comparison. Eighty patients enrolled in the study, of which 74 were evaluable: 3...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0924-8579(92)90028-p
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Consecutive adult patients admitted to the hospital with community-acquired pneumonia from January 2000 to September 2003 were included in this prospective observational cohort study. A total of 459 patients, 259 treated with levofloxacin in single drug therapy at a dose of 500 mg once a day and 209 with the combinati...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2004.07.013
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rifaximin, a non-absorbable rifamycin derivative, has published clinical efficacy in the alleviation of symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is associated with the pathogenesis of IBS. This study describes for the first time the antimicrobial effect of ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.12.008
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We studied an in vitro model of continuous venovenous haemofiltration to determine levofloxacin adsorption by polyacrylonitrile (PAN) filters. Four doses of levofloxacin (5, 25, 50 and 100 mg) were used, resulting in circulating concentrations of levofloxacin at 120 min of 3.56+/-0.14, 15.84+/-2.08, 31.42+/-1.95 and 5...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.03.025
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene modifications in the PmrAB and PhoPQ two-component regulatory systems, as well as inactivation of the mgrB gene, are known to be causes of colistin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae. The objective of this study was to characterise the mechanism involved in colistin resistance in a Klebsiella oxytoca isolate. A ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.02.015
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper, we identified 95 Malassezia isolates by morphological and biochemical criteria and assessed the in vitro activity of fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole and voriconazole by broth microdilution against these species using slightly modified Leeming-Notman medium. The Malassezia isolates were identifie...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.016
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae of food animal origins on human health has caught considerable attention worldwide. Intestinal Escherichia coli obtained from healthy food animals (pigs, cattle and poultry) in China were tested for the presence of ESBL genes. CTX-M-produc...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.12.001
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many antimicrobial agents including new quinolones (NQs) influence the cellular defense mechanisms such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), macrophages and lymphocytes. We examined the effects of NQs on superoxide (SO) production of PMNs following stimulation of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Ofloxacin (OFLX) an...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0924-8579(95)00024-0
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macrolides, especially clarithromycin (CLA), remain the cornerstone of therapy for Mycobacterium abscessus complex infections. The purpose of this study was to gather results from in vitro drug susceptibility testing of M. abscessus and Mycobacterium massiliense for the combination of CLA with various other agents, in...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.12.003
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The in vitro activity of moxifloxacin was compared with that of penicillin G, amoxycillin/clavulanate, cefoxitin, erythromycin, clindamycin and metronidazole against 158 isolates associated with periodontal infections. MIC(50)/MIC(90) values of moxifloxacin were respectively 0.06/0.5 mg/l for Porphyromonas gingivalis ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(02)00190-5
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Integrons recruit resistance genes through integrase-driven recombination events that are regulated by the bacterial SOS response and require the repressor LexA. Class 1 integrons genes are expressed from a common promoter, Pc, of which at least 5 predominant variants, classified from weak to strong, have been describ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2018.11.012
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of infectious healthcare-associated diarrhoea. Recurrent CDI increases disease morbidity and mortality, posing a high burden to patients and a growing economic burden to the healthcare system. Thus, there exists a significant unmet and increasing medical need ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.04.026
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable debate over the contribution of virginiamycin use in animals to quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D) resistance in humans. In this study, the prevalence and mechanisms of streptogramin resistance in enterococci from animals and the environment were investigated. From 2000-2004, enterococci from sample...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2007.03.010
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leptospirosis is the most common zoonotic disease and is endemic worldwide. The antibiotic susceptibilities of Leptospira strains isolated from both humans and animals are poorly documented. This issue is particularly important for isolates from food-producing animals which are regularly exposed to antibiotic treatmen...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.12.024
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was conducted to assess the clinical outcomes of bloodstream infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. A total of 53 patients were included in the study. Forty-five patients (84.9%) received appropriate antibiotic therapy. Initial empirical treatment was appropriate i...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2005.06.012
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Advanced molecular typing methods have greatly expanded the taxonomy of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species; however, little is known about the epidemiology and clinical features of bacteraemia caused by different MAC species. In this study, the clinical characteristics of patients treated for MAC bacteraemia in...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2017.02.016
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters--(i) the peak concentration to the minimum inhibitory concentration ratio (C(max)/MIC); (ii) the area under the concentration-time curve to MIC ratio (AUC(24h)/MIC); and (iii) the time the concentration exceeds the MIC (T>MIC)--are important predictors of the clinical e...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(01)00406-x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate recurrent infections in individual patients caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase and plasmid AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/pAmpC-Ec) isolates with >12-month interval. The Danish national collection of ESBL/pAmpC-Ec isolates collected from January 2014 thr...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106041
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial osteomyelitis is a major clinical challenge in human and veterinary patients. This infection is an infrequent but feared complication of orthopedic surgery and is mainly caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dalbavancin (dosed for ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106021
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antimicrobial effect of a benzoxazinorifamycin, KRM-1648, either alone or in combination with ofloxacin, was evaluated in vitro against two type strains and six clinical isolates of Mycobacterium ulcerans. Growth of M. ulcerans was measured by plate counts and the BACTEC radiometric method. The minimal inhibitory ...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(00)00306-x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro and in vivo anti-Candida albicans and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus activities of NND-502, a new imidazole-antimycotic, were compared with those of fluconazole (FCZ), itraconazole (ITZ) and/or amphotericin B (AmB). NND-502 exhibited strong in vitro antifungal activity against both fungal species; its MIC against...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0924-8579(99)00076-x
更新日期:1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to examine the in vitro synergism of three-drug combinations against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (levofloxacin/linezolid/ethambutol, levofloxacin/amikacin/ethambutol and levofloxacin/linezolid/amikacin) using the time-kill curves method. In total, 8 multidrug-resistant and 12 drug-suscep...
journal_title:International journal of antimicrobial agents
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2015.10.016
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00