Abstract:
:The role of secondary structures and base mutability at different levels of transcription and supercoiling is analyzed in variable region antibody genes VH5, VH94 and VH186.2. The data are consistent with a model of somatic hypermutation in which increasing levels of transcription and secondary structure stability correlate with the initial formation of successive mutable sites. Encoded differences exist in stem length and the number of GC pairs at low versus high levels of transcription in CDRs. These circumstances simplify the complexities of coordinating mutagenesis by confining this process to each mutable site successively, as they form in response to increasing levels of transcription during affinity maturation.
journal_name
Mol Immunoljournal_title
Molecular immunologyauthors
Wright BE,Schmidt KH,Davis N,Hunt AT,Minnick MFdoi
10.1016/j.molimm.2008.05.012subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-08-01 00:00:00pages
3600-8issue
13eissn
0161-5890issn
1872-9142pii
S0161-5890(08)00192-2journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Chicken host defense peptide cathelicidin-2 (CATH-2) is known to exert antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities and consists of two alpha-helices connected by a hinge region. Here we report the biological properties of the separate alpha-helical segments and the importance of the proline residue in the hinge regi...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.019
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Purified mRNA's encoding the HLA-A and -B antigen heavy chains or beta 2-microglobulin were prepared from human B lymphoid cells by positive hybridization selection procedures. The role of chain association in the biosynthesis and intracellular transport of HLA-A and -B antigens was investigated by injecting these mRN...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(86)90115-x
更新日期:1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRAF6 is a key player at the cross-roads of development and immunity. The analysis of its in vivo molecular function is a great challenge since severe developmental defects and early lethality caused by Traf6 deficiency in knock-out mice interfere with analyses of the immune response. In this study we have used a new ...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.08.011
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maspin (mammary serine protease inhibitor) is a non-inhibitory member of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily and a tumor suppressor in several cancers due to its ability to inhibit cell invasion, angiogenesis, and promote apoptosis. However, its immunomodulatory function remains largely unexplored. Thus, we expl...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2016.12.021
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During T-cell regulation, T-cell receptors and CD28 lead to signaling activation, while T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) is known to lead to downregulation, similar to programmed cell death-1 (PD-1). In the cytoplasmic tails of CD28 and CTLA-4, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) binds to the consensus sequence including ...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2020.12.002
更新日期:2020-12-29 00:00:00
abstract::A technique was developed for identifying peptides with high affinity for a given antibody. By testing a monoclonal antibody directed against a discontinuous antigenic determinant on foot-and-mouth disease virus, peptides mimicking the determinant were identified even though the tertiary structure of the proteins comp...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(86)90081-7
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Large quantities of antibodies are transported into the yolk of the chicken's egg. We have identified several regions within the antibody molecule important for its uptake into the egg yolk. An intact Fc and hinge region but not the Fc-associated carbohydrate are required for transport. Our data suggest that the C(H)2...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00095-5
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies were obtained by fusion of NS1 myeloma cells with splenocytes of BALB/C mice immunized with only 1 microgram of each staphylococcal enterotoxin A, B, C1 and D by a modified technique of intrasplenic boosting. This procedure was considerably more efficient than the more c...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(87)90118-0
更新日期:1987-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Keratin is a cytoskeletal protein that constitutes the intermediate filament. Its distribution is restricted to epithelial tissues in mammals, but is wider in fish. An interesting feature of fish keratin is that it is abundant in the cutaneous mucus. However, the biological function of keratin in the mucus has not bee...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.09.012
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) is a cell-surface receptor that plays a vital regulatory role in suppressing inflammatory T cell activity; therefore, it is an ideal target for T cell-redirecting therapies. Here, we describe a cynomolgus macaque model for studying the transfer of PD1-modified T cells. We develope...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2020.05.007
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A procedure to quantitate the immunogenic potential of protein antigens is presented. It is hypothesized that the intrinsic immunogenicity of an accessible region on the protein arises from the overall structural effect of the presence of the particular assemblage of amino acid residues in the given region. Structural...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(85)90043-4
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Complement activation involved in the innate immunity and adaptive immunity and further contributed to the development of tumor growth. This study aimed to investigate the association of genetic variants in complement 3 (C3) and decay-accelerating factor (DAF) genes with the risk of gastric cancer. METHODS:...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2014.10.006
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The S100A12 gene belongs to the S100 family of genes, which are specific to vertebrates. It is involved in many inflammatory diseases of human and has been considered as a powerful diagnostic gene. In the present study, we identified the porcine S100A12 (pS100A12) gene, provided evidence that pS100A12 is located on ch...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2010.01.024
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human C epsilon gene produces a number of alternatively spliced heavy chain transcripts of which some encode functional IgE isoforms. We now show that differentially processed epsilon mRNA variants also exist in the mouse and are generated by differential polyadenylation and alternative splicing of primary epsilon...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(96)00110-1
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The T cell receptor (TCR) detects the presence of infectious pathogens and activates numerous intracellular signaling pathways. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination serve as key regulatory mechanisms downstream of the TCR. Negative regulation of TCR signaling pathways is important in controlling the imm...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2009.08.015
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptors (LGRs) form a subfamily of the large superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors. LGRs can be divided into three groups. LGR2 from Drosophila melanogaster is involved in cuticle tanning (melanization and sclerotization). In this study, one LGR2 (MnLGR2) was ide...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2020.07.013
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major histocompatibility complex class I proteins (MHC-I) load short peptides derived from proteolytic cleavage of endogenous proteins in any cell of the body, in a process termed antigen processing and presentation. When the source proteins are altered self or encoded by a pathogen, recognition of peptide/MHC-I compl...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.04.014
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antigen-limiting nature of microtiter ELISAs predicts that antibodies of minor classes may be underestimated when the same specimen contains large amounts of IgG antibodies specific for the same antigen. Such competitive inhibition can be diagnosed from ELISA titration plots. A method is described to eliminate the...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(90)90044-z
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Notexin and nigexine are monomeric phospholipases A2(PLA2s) from the venoms of Notechis scutatus scutatus and Naja nigricollis, respectively. Polyclonal antibodies raised in mice against these antigenic proteins displayed non-reciprocal cross-reactivity; anti-notexin antibodies recognized notexin but not nigexine, whe...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(90)90055-5
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mangiferin is the major bioactive ingredient in the leaves of Mangifera indica L., Aqueous extract of such leaves have been traditionally used as an indigenous remedy for respiratory diseases including cough and asthma in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Mangiferin was shown to exert its anti-asthmatic effect by modulati...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2019.07.025
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies were prepared against synthetic peptides synthetized on the basis of nucleotide sequence from cDNA and genomic clones encoding a class I antigen expressed by the rabbit RL-5 cell line. Using a peptide corresponding to positions 61-73 of the N domain, we were able to obtain an hybridoma producing ...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(87)90019-8
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human complement components C6 and C7 have been purified and characterized. Component C6 is a single-chain plasma protein of mol. wt 104,800 containing 3.8% carbohydrate and it has alanine as the amino terminal residue. Component C7 is a single-chain plasma protein of mol. wt 92,400 containing 6.4% carbohydrate and it...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0161-5890(82)90189-4
更新日期:1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::PIM1 is serine/threonine protein kinase that is involved in numerous biological processes. Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a chronic pathological result of the dysfunctional repair of lung injury without effective therapeutic treatments. In the current study, we investigated whether PIM1 inhibition would improve bleomycin ...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2020.06.013
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the host's innate immune response against microbial invasion. The cysteine-rich AMPs such as defensin and hepcidin have been extensively studied, but the recently identified cysteine-rich liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP-2) has been characterized f...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2005.02.014
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Individually amplified kappa cDNA molecules from single B lymphocytes revealed sequence heterogeneity and aberrantly spliced products. The nature and frequency of the base changes and their absence from similarly amplified beta2 microglobulin transcripts indicate that they were not derived by Taq polymerase misincorpo...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(00)00055-9
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::T cell responses are determined by the environment in which antigen is encountered. In the absence of proper costimulation, anergizing stimuli induce the activation of a specific program of gene expression. Proteins encoded by these genes impose a state of functional unresponsiveness in anergic T cells through the act...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.09.029
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collection of epitopes present within the variable regions of the tumor-specific clonal immunoglobulin expressed by B cell lymphomas (idiotype, Id) can serve as a target for active immunotherapy. Traditionally, tumor-derived Id protein is chemically conjugated to the immunogenic foreign carrier protein keyhole lim...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2008.10.020
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The globular C1q heterotrimer is a subunit of the C1 complement factor. Binding of the C1q subunit to the constant (Fc) part of antibody molecules is a first step and key event of complement activation. Although three-dimensional structures of C1q and antibody Fc subunits have been determined experimentally no atomic ...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.111
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Asthma is a complex condition in which exposure to environmental antigens induces inflammatory reactions in the airway characterized by activation of mast cells and eosinophils. Mast cells are known to be the main effector cells in eliciting IgE-mediated allergic response. These cells secrete various substances that p...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(02)00070-6
更新日期:2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The recovery of VDJ rearrangement is most often accomplished by PCR amplification of DNA extracted from mixtures of B-cells. Using this procedure in swine, VDJs containing chimeric V(H) genes that resemble gene-conversion products, are frequently encountered. To examine whether these chimeras could be the result of PC...
journal_title:Molecular immunology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00022-0
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00