Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The psychostimulant khat (Catha edulis Forsk), is a herbal drug cultivated and chewed as a recreational and socializing drug in East Africa and the Arabian Peninsula for centuries. Due to increasing air transportation and the loosening of customs restrictions, it is now readily available in the Western Countries mainly used by immigrants from khat growing areas causing a concern to policy-makers. OBJECTIVE:We conducted this review to further gain an insight to the neuropharmacological effects of khat. METHODOLOGY:PubMed search engine with key terms 'khat' or 'qat' or 'mirra' or'qaad/jaad' or 'cathinone' was used to obtain articles relevant to khat chewing. In total 284 English written articles published from 1959 to 2007 were screened. RESULTS:Most of the studies focused on cathinone, the postulated active psychostimulant alkaloid in khat. There were few studies which investigated the entire plant extract in either in vitro or animal studies. In the majority of the studies it was reported that both cathinone and cathine, another psychoactive constituent, have actions that are similar to those of amphetamine. CONCLUSIONS:It seems that the well investigated khat alkaloids have many features similar to amphetamines; however there is a need for a more thorough examination of khat itself in well designed in vitro, animal and human studies with a range of comparator drugs before confirming the claim that khat is a "natural amphetamine".
journal_name
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatryauthors
Feyissa AM,Kelly JPdoi
10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.12.033subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
1147-66issue
5eissn
0278-5846issn
1878-4216pii
S0278-5846(08)00013-4journal_volume
32pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Emotion regulation by means of cognitive reappraisal has been widely studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). To date, several meta-analyses of studies using cognitive reappraisal tasks in healthy volunteers have been carried out, but no meta-analyses have yet been performed on the fMRI data of clini...
journal_title:Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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journal_title:Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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