Abstract:
:Defects of the mitochondrial genome cause a wide variety of clinical disorders. Except for rare cases where surgery or transplant is indicated, there is no effective treatment for patients. Genetic-based therapies are consequently being considered. On account of the difficulties associated with mitochondrial (mt) transfection, alternative approaches whereby mitochondrial genes can be engineered and introduced into the nucleus (allotopic expression) are being attempted with some success, at least in cultured cells. Defects in the activities of multi-subunit complexes of the oxidative phosphorylation apparatus have been circumvented by the targeted expression of simple single subunit enzymes from other species (xenotopic expression). Although far from the clinic, these approaches show promise. Similarly, nuclear transfection with genes encoding restriction endonucleases or sequence-specific zinc finger-binding proteins destined for mitochondria has also proved successful in targeting mtDNA-borne pathogenic mutations. This is particularly important, as mutated mtDNA is often found in cells that also contain normal copies of the genome, a situation termed heteroplasmy. Shifting the levels of heteroplasmy towards the normal mtDNA has become the goal of a variety of invasive and non-invasive methods, which are also highlighted in this review.
journal_name
Gene Therjournal_title
Gene therapyauthors
Kyriakouli DS,Boesch P,Taylor RW,Lightowlers RNdoi
10.1038/gt.2008.91subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-01 00:00:00pages
1017-23issue
14eissn
0969-7128issn
1476-5462pii
gt200891journal_volume
15pub_type
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