Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in defining the clinical features, pathophysiology, natural history, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in approximately 30% of the US population. A histologic grading and staging system has been developed and validated. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. The presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease correlates with the severity of obesity, fat distribution, age, and presence of other features of the metabolic syndrome. Fifteen to 20% of subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis develop cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increase in both free fatty acid delivery to the liver for re-esterification and increased de-novo lipogenesis. Several mechanisms of hepatocyte injury and death including free fatty acid toxicity, increased free cholesterol, cytokine-mediated injury and activation of the unfolded protein response have been defined. While many therapeutic targets have been identified and pilot studies performed, a definitive treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remains to be established. SUMMARY:Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a widely prevalent disease that is critically linked to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. While much new information on the pathogenesis and natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is available, an effective therapy remains to be established.
journal_name
Curr Opin Gastroenteroljournal_title
Current opinion in gastroenterologyauthors
Greenfield V,Cheung O,Sanyal AJdoi
10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282fbccf2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-05-01 00:00:00pages
320-7issue
3eissn
0267-1379issn
1531-7056pii
00001574-200805000-00009journal_volume
24pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Gastric adenocarcinoma is the most common malignancy of the upper gastrointestinal tract. During the past two decades it has migrated toward the gastroesophageal junction. Gastroesophageal reflux and obesity may play a role. Recent research suggests that a number of biologic and molecular differences exist in patients...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200011000-00009
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review focuses on recent advances and novel insights into the mechanistic events that may link commensal microbiota and host innate immunity in the pathophysiology of intestinal inflammation and neoplasia. Unanswered questions are discussed and future perspectives in the field are highlighted. R...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32835a670e
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article describes the evolution of combination therapy in inflammatory bowel disease and how to determine when combination may not be necessary. RECENT FINDINGS:The combination of an immunosuppressive agent with an antibody to tumor necrosis factor has proven to be more effective than monotherap...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000281
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In this review article, we address emerging evidence for the medical and surgical treatment of the hospitalized patient with ulcerative colitis. RECENT FINDINGS:Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease involving the colon and rectum. About one-fifth of patients will be hospitalized from u...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000637
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To consider observations suggesting that the bacterial protein flagellin, the primary structural component of flagella, plays a major role in mediating gut inflammation associated with infection by enteric pathogens and in inflammatory bowel disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Biochemical dissection of an in-vi...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000194791.59337.28
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Our objective was to review advances in bile acids in health and disease published in the last 2 years. Bile acid diarrhea (BAD) is recognized as a common cause of chronic diarrhea, and its recognition has been facilitated by development of new screening tests. RECENT FINDINGS:Primary BAD can account...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000344
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent investigations into the regulation of pancreatic acinar cell function have led to a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating digestive enzyme synthesis and secretion. This review identifies and puts into context those articles which further our understanding in this area. RECEN...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000239863.96833.c0
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Knowledge on and understanding of the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is continuously growing. Important insights from the last years are summarized in this review. RECENT FINDINGS:Further genetic risk factors for IBD have been identified and confirmed. Novel studies analyzing the...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328353e61e
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Infection caused by ingestion of human-restricted Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi predominantly affects the most impoverished sections of society. In this review, we describe recent advances made in estimating the burden of illness and the important role improved diagnostic tests may ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000021
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Enteral nutrition is now the preferred route of nutritional support in malnourished and ICU patients. Studies providing evidence of its efficacy, techniques of administration, and outcome are appearing daily in the literature. This review presents the most important publications in this area and criti...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1097/00001574-200403000-00010
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review will summarize the most significant work that contributed to the understanding of liver fibrosis progression and resolution, which in turn has yielded new areas of therapeutic targeting. RECENT FINDINGS:Liver fibrosis is the result of an imbalance between production and dissolution of ext...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3283279668
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of patients with unexplained chest pain is difficult and challenging. After a cardiac etiology has been ruled out, a diligent search for an esophageal etiology-gastroesophageal reflux disease, motility abnormalities, or esophageal hypersensitivity-should be undertaken with judicious use of a diagnostic (...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199907000-00013
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the recent literature on endoscopic spray cryotherapy for the treatment of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. RECENT FINDINGS:Endoscopic spray cryotherapy is a relatively new ablative modality for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Spray cryotherapy rapidly cools tissues...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328347bae8
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Endoscopic ampullectomy has proven its safety and efficacy in multiple studies, making it the favorable option for the management of endoscopic ampullectomy. In this review, we plan to review the basic steps every endoscopist should be familiar with before undertaking endoscopic ampullectomy. RECENT ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000657
更新日期:2020-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue development has led to an appreciation of the variety of these structures in the intestinal mucosa. This knowledge has translated into more critical analysis of the function of mucosal lymphoid tissues and may lead to manipulation of development of thes...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3282f4906d
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The 'Final Rule,' issued by the Health Resources and Service Administration in 2000, mandated that liver allocation policy should be based on disease severity and probability of death, and - among other factors - should be independent of a candidate's residence or listing. As a result, the Organ Procu...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000434
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The molecular biology revolution has led to a significant improvement in our understanding of biological and physiological processes. Such expansion of knowledge has also covered the field of intestinal absorption of water-soluble vitamins and is the subject of this review. RECENT FINDINGS:Impressive...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000203870.22706.52
更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To highlight the increasing evidence supporting the concept that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the cause and pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disorders. RECENT FINDINGS:miRNAs play a key role in maintaining bile acid homeostasis and modulating pathological processes associated to liver cholesta...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000051
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, much progress has been made in the field of tumor immunology. Much of this work has focused on understanding and exploiting the innate immune response to tumor cells. A novel human receptor-ligand system that mediates natural killer (NK) and gammadelta T-cell killing of carcinoma cells has been identified, a...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200111000-00015
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive investigation into the interactions of Helicobacter pylori with the human host during the period of this review has led to several important developments in our understanding of H. pylori pathogenesis. There is direct evidence to support a central role for bacterial adhesion to host gastric epithelial Lewis ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-199901000-00012
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent data on techniques, efficacy and complications of endoscopic management of chronic pancreatitis. RECENT FINDINGS:Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy with or without endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is the first-line treatment for large painful obstructive pancreati...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000091
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The gastroduodenum has multiple means by which it resists injury from intrinsic and extrinsic factors, including gastric acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and Helicobacter pylori. We review recent insights into the mechanisms by which the gastroduodenum resists injury and discuss factors con...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e328330da7b
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Portal hypertension is the main complication of cirrhosis and is responsible for its most common complications: variceal hemorrhage, ascites, and portosystemic encephalopathy. Portal hypertension is the result of increased intrahepatic resistance and increased portal venous inflow, which in turn is the result of splan...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200105000-00012
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to highlight literature published during the last year in the context of previous knowledge. RECENT FINDINGS:A number of novel techniques - high-resolution manometry, esophageal electrical impedance and intra-luminal ultrasound imaging - have improved our understanding of e...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000231818.64138.8a
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Globally, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains a common and important clinical disorder. This review summarizes the major advances in the understanding and treatment of GERD that have been made in the past 12 months. Epidemiologic studies have yielded additional data on the clinical presentation and natural ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200307000-00009
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The workup of chronic unexplained diarrhea can be equally frustrating for care providers and patients. It carries a physical, financial, and social toll. In this review we provide a sensible approach to evaluating and managing chronic diarrhea. RECENT FINDINGS:Bile acid diarrhea is becoming increasin...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000232
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The most relevant studies concerning the diagnosis of esophageal varices, primary and secondary prophylaxis and treatment of variceal bleeding published in the last year are reported. RECENT FINDINGS:The specific areas reviewed are those that refer to studies on the noninvasive or minimally invasive ...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e3281299011
更新日期:2007-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The treatment of inflammatory bowel disease is a continually evolving area and a major focus of the current literature in gastroenterology. As further information is gained in the areas of etiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of the disease, new agents are developed, and management strategies are revised. Th...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200107000-00007
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traditional anatomic pathology studies and molecular investigations both contributed to the breadth of current information in the field of liver pathology this year. Techniques such as reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction can identify recurrence of hepatitis C virus infection in the liver as early as 5 days...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/00001574-200105000-00002
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Exome sequencing studies have recently expanded the genetic characterization of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. Among a number of novel genes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) is recurrently mutated in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas. We review the effects of these mutations on several biochemical pa...
journal_title:Current opinion in gastroenterology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MOG.0000000000000050
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00