Microbial endocrinology: how stress influences susceptibility to infection.

abstract：:DNA vaccines can induce potent humoral and cellular immune responses without any additional adjuvant. Recent studies indicate that unmethylated CpG dinucleotides within DNA vaccines are immune stimulatory and exert an essential endogenous adjuvant activity. These CpG motifs can be added deliberately to DNA or conventi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Krieg AM,Yi AK,Schorr J,Davis HL

更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major regulator of sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis is the phosphorelay, a multicomponent signal transduction system. A myriad of signals, both positive and negative, from the environment, cell cycle and metabolism is received and interpreted by the phosphorelay and integrated through the opposing activ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Perego M

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of innate immune signaling pathways through cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors (RLR) is a crucial response that is antagonized by many viruses. A variety of RNA-related pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPS) have been identified and their role in RLR activation has been examined. Recent studies suggest ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Leung DW,Basler CF,Amarasinghe GK

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are a frequent cause of biofilm-associated infections that are a tremendous burden on our healthcare system. Staphylococcal biofilms exhibit extraordinary resistance to antimicrobial killing, limiting the efficacy of antibiotic therapy, and surgical intervention is ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Boles BR,Horswill AR

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria and fungi in buildings exert an influence on the human microbiome through aerosol deposition, surface contact, and human and animal interactions. As the identities and functions of beneficial human microbes emerge, the consequences of building design, operation, and function must be understood to maintain the...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Peccia J,Kwan SE

更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent emerging evidence has revealed that regulatory noncoding RNAs (microRNAs, circular RNAs) modulate host-microbe interactions and they have been proposed as potential biomarkers of the host's response to microbiome-linked pathologies such as cancers, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. Interactions between m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Malmuthuge N,Guan LL

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Superantigens are a diverse collection of molecules that share the ability to activate specific lymphocyte subsets. In animal models, many of these molecules delete T-cell populations or render them anergic. The clinical impact of superantigens is significant, but much of their pathophysiology remains unclear. ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michie CA,Cohen J

更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virulence of many bacterial pathogens is based, at least in part, on the action of phospholipases. The consequences may be immediate and direct, as in the action of Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin on red cells or platelets, or subtle, as with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipases of Listeria monocytogenes a...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Songer JG

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) uses several virulence factors to establish chronic respiratory infections in bronchiectasis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. One of its toxins, pyocyanin (PYO), is a redox-active pigment that is required for full virulence in animal models and has ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rada B,Leto TL

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Horizontal gene transfer can provide bacteria with new functions that confer an important competitive advantage, and is therefore likely to affect the dynamics of bacterial ecosystems. Two studies by Wolfe et al. and Bonham et al. prepare the way to study this hypothesis in a model ecosystem with reproducible properti...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： van de Guchte M

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli, is the commonest cause of acute renal failure in childhood. It is widely believed that HUS develops following the release of Stx, an AB5 toxin that inhibits protein synthesis and has a direct toxic effect on the kidney ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Heyderman RS,Soriani M,Hirst TR

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian immune system includes a sophisticated array of antimicrobial mechanisms. However, successful pathogens have developed subversive strategies to detect, modulate, and/or evade immune control and clearance. Independent disciplines study host immunology and bacterial pathogenesis, but interkingdom signaling...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gestal MC,Whitesides LT,Harvill ET

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endogenous circadian clock of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus controls many cellular processes and confers an adaptive advantage on this organism in a competitive environment. To be advantageous, this internal biological oscillator must be reset daily to remain in synchrony with its environment and to t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Mackey SR,Golden SS

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gram-positive bacterial lipoproteins are a functionally diverse and important class of peripheral membrane proteins. Recent advances in molecular biology and the availability of whole genome sequence data have overturned many long-held assumptions about the export and processing of these proteins, most notably the rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hutchings MI,Palmer T,Harrington DJ,Sutcliffe IC

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the lack of an in vitro replication system, genes coding for viral proteins of hepatitis C virus have been identified. The putative nucleocapsid (p22) and envelope (gp35 and gp58) proteins have been expressed in cells by different vectors under various foreign promoters. Detection of antibodies to these protei...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Miyamura T,Matsuura Y

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many reports have documented that Staphylococcus aureus can invade host cells and persist intracellularly for various periods of time in cell culture models. However, it is not clear whether intracellular persistence of S. aureus also occurs in the course of infections in whole organisms. This is a subject of intense ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Garzoni C,Kelley WL

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronotropic viruses induce apoptosis in neurons, and Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic proteins and caspase inhibitors decrease mortality from acute viral encephalitis. Infected neurons develop cytoplasmic blebbing characteristic of apoptosis, but a paucity of apoptotic nuclear changes potentially indicates unique aspect...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Griffin DE,Hardwick JM

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Detection of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is essential for the host to mount an appropriate immune response, which for viruses involves the induction of type I interferons (IFNs). By contrast, inappropriate activation of PRRs by self nucleic acids can lead to autoimmunity. Rec...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Gürtler C,Bowie AG

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Third International Symposium on Advancing Science and Elimination of the Use of Laboratory Animals for Development and Control of Vaccines and Hormones, organized by the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, The Netherlands) under the auspices of the International Association for Biologic...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Smith MP,Oyston PC

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectacular ability of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) to immortalize and morphologically transform human B cells in vitro to lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) is central to most molecular models of viral oncogenesis. However, binding of transcription factor and oncoprotein c-Myc to the major locus control region (LCR) of...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Niller HH,Salamon D,Banati F,Schwarzmann F,Wolf H,Minarovits J

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N2-fixing bacteria such as Azoarcus spp., Herbaspirillum spp, and Acetobacter diazotrophicus can infect the interior of gramineous plants without causing symptoms of plant disease but do not survive in soil. Like phytopathogens, they can penetrate into central tissues and spread systemically. There is no evidence for ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Reinhold-Hurek B,Hurek T

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term 'type III secretion' has seen widespread use. However, problems persist in nomenclature. We propose that the standard abbreviation for this kind of secretion should be 'T3S' and that 'type III secretion system' should be abbreviated to 'T3SS'. There is also a need for a new terminology to distinguish flagella...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Desvaux M,Hébraud M,Henderson IR,Pallen MJ

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomics is fast becoming a routine tool in medical diagnostics and cutting-edge biotechnologies. Yet, its use for environmental biomonitoring is still considered a futuristic ideal. Until now, environmental genomics was mainly used as a replacement of the burdensome morphological identification, to screen known morph...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Cordier T,Lanzén A,Apothéloz-Perret-Gentil L,Stoeck T,Pawlowski J

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strictly blood-feeding leeches and their limited microbiota provide natural and powerful model systems to examine symbiosis. Blood is devoid of essential nutrients and it is thought that symbiotic bacteria synthesize these for the host. In this review, three distinct leech-microbe associations are described: (i) the m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Graf J,Kikuchi Y,Rio RV

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several attempts have been made to identify the minimal set of genes that is required for life using computational approaches or studies of deletion mutants. These experiments resemble those already performed by nature; a few hundred million years ago an ancestor of Escherichia coli was domesticated by aphids, which r...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Klasson L,Andersson SG

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The pleiotropic post-transcriptional regulator Hfq is an RNA chaperone that facilitates pairing interactions between small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) and their mRNA targets in several bacteria. However, this classical pattern, derived from the Escherichia coli model, is not applicable to the whole bacterial kingdom. In t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Jousselin A,Metzinger L,Felden B

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer in women with human papillomavirus (HPV) being a key etiologic factor of this devastating disease. In this article, we describe modern advances in the genomics and transcriptomics of cervical cancer that led to uncovering the key gene drivers. We also introduce, herein, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Shulzhenko N,Lyng H,Sanson GF,Morgun A

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Deeper understanding of the bacteriostatic and bactericidal mechanisms of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) should help in the design of new antibacterial agents. Over several decades, a variety of biochemical assays have been applied to bulk bacterial cultures. While some of these bulk assays provide time resolution of t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Choi H,Rangarajan N,Weisshaar JC

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal infections are on the rise due to new medical procedures that have increased the number of immune compromised patients, antibacterial antibiotics that disrupt the microbiome, and increased use of indwelling medical devices that provide sites for biofilm formation. Key to understanding the mechanisms of pathogen...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Min K,Neiman AM,Konopka JB

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the fact that dengue is one of the most prevalent viral infections of humans, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain uncertain. Evolutionary studies of dengue virus have revealed that its genetic diversity is increasing. This, coupled with evidence that viral strains could naturally differ in v...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Holmes EC,Burch SS

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00