Abstract：
:Nitrogen (N) tends to limit plant productivity on young soils; phosphorus (P) becomes increasingly limiting in ancient soils because it gradually disappears through leaching and erosion. Plant traits that are regarded as adaptations to N- and P-limited conditions include mycorrhizas and cluster roots. Mycorrhizas 'scavenge' P from solution or 'mine' insoluble organic N. Cluster roots function in severely P-impoverished landscapes, 'mining' P fixed as insoluble inorganic phosphates. The 'scavenging' and 'mining' strategies of mycorrhizal species without and non-mycorrhizal species with cluster roots, respectively, allow functioning on soils that differ markedly in P availability. Based on recent advances in our understanding of these contrasting strategies of nutrient acquisition, we provide an explanation for the distribution of mycorrhizal species on less P-impoverished soils, and for why, globally, cluster-bearing species dominate on severely P-impoverished, ancient soils, where P sensitivity is relatively common.
journal_name
Trends Ecol Evoljournal_title
Trends in ecology & evolutionauthors
Lambers H,Raven JA,Shaver GR,Smith SEdoi
10.1016/j.tree.2007.10.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-02-01 00:00:00pages
95-103issue
2eissn
0169-5347issn
1872-8383pii
S0169-5347(07)00357-6journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:To date, ecologists involved in global change have focused on the consequences of changes in air temperature. Concurrently, the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the Earth has been declining, resulting in so-called 'global dimming'. Now, Wild et al. and Pinker et al. have reported a reversal in this trend in ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2005.11.005
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nature and cost of single genes of major effect is one of the longest running controversies in biology. Resistance, whether to xenobiotics or to parasites, is often paraded as an obvious example of a single gene effect that must carry an associated fitness 'cost'. However, a review of the xenobiotic resistance lit...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(00)01929-7
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An evolutionary constraint is a bias or limitation in phenotypic variation that a biological system produces. One can distinguish physicochemical, selective, genetic and developmental causes of such constraints. Here, I discuss these causes in three classes of system that bring forth many phenotypic traits and evoluti...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2011.07.001
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Global biodiversity targets have far-reaching implications for nature conservation worldwide. Scenarios and models hold unfulfilled promise for ensuring such targets are well founded and implemented; here, we review how they can and should inform the Aichi Targets of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity and their refor...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2018.10.006
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many fungi capable of forming sheathing (ecto-) mycorrhizas are associated with trees. But what are the rules governing their occurrence? Evidence from first generation woodlands/forests, where trees grow on sites that have been treeless for many years, indicates that species of fungi occurring at early stages of wood...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(87)90066-8
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gaia theory, which describes the life-environment system of the Earth as stable and self-regulating, has remained at the fringes of mainstream biological science owing to its historically inadequate definition and apparent incompatibility with individual-level natural selection. The key issue is whether and why the bi...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2007.07.007
更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interactions among individual animals - and between these individuals and their environment - yield complex, multifaceted systems. The development of multilayer network analysis offers a promising new approach for studying animal social behavior and its relation to eco-evolutionary dynamics. ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2018.03.008
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Developing countries are struggling to meet Aichi Target 11, which calls for 10% of national marine area under protection. In addition, the official tool to measure their progress, the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), tends to overestimate it. To reach this target, developing countries must set up large offsh...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2019.07.007
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has recently been an increase in interest in the notion that female ornamentation is selected through male choice, rather than being an artefact of selection on male ornamentation. There are, however, key differences between the sexes in the type of selection pressures that are likely to generate ornamentation a...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2006.01.007
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Concern over implications of climate change for biodiversity has led to the use of bioclimatic models to forecast the range shifts of species under future climate-change scenarios. Recent studies have demonstrated that projections by alternative models can be so variable as to compromise their usefulness for guiding p...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2006.09.010
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ecologists have studied plant succession for over a hundred years, yet our understanding of the nature of this process is incomplete, particularly in relation to its response to new human perturbations and the need to manipulate it during ecological restoration. We demonstrate how plant succession can be understood be...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2014.07.002
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the last decade, new hypotheses have been proposed for the evolution of dioecy in plants. Most of the selective mechanisms invoked have been suggested and supported by phylogenetic correlations. Here we review (1) the validity of the correlations (especially in light of recent critiques of the comparative method)...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(90)90006-Y
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is a pressing need to integrate large carnivore species into multi-use landscapes outside protected areas. However, an unclear understanding of coexistence hinders the realization of this goal. Here, we provide a comprehensive conceptualization of coexistence in which mutual adaptations by both large carnivores ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2016.05.006
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite the potential importance of diffuse competition in plant communities - where competitive interactions between individuals might be expected to involve many neighbours - very little attention has been paid to this phenomenon by plant ecologists. Attempts to bridge this gap will require a serious approach to pro...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(87)90168-6
更新日期：1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptomic studies lend insights into the role of transcriptional plasticity in adaptation and specialization. Recently, there has been growing interest in understanding the relationship between variation in herbivorous insect gene expression and the evolution of diet breadth. We review the studies that have emerg...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2019.10.014
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex and recombination generate variation via processes that depend on an underlying complementarity between participants. Sex between DNA segments depends on their sequences having enough in common. Viewed in this way, sex does not depend on genes that originate in separate cells. Sex in the single genome uses many of...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(94)90208-9
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ecological hypothesis of speciation is that reproductive isolation evolves ultimately as a consequence of divergent natural selection on traits between environments. Ecological speciation is general and might occur in allopatry or sympatry, involve many agents of natural selection, and result from a combination of...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(01)02198-x
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Numerous studies have been published on the skewed birth sex ratios among non-human primate populations. Sometimes the observed tendencies in sex ratio variations have been contradictory, and their adaptive significance has been controversial. Recent studies seem to reveal that the local resource competition among phi...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(93)90040-V
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During courtship, signals are sent between the sexes, and received signals contain information that forms the basis of decision making. Much is known about signal content, but less is known about signal design-what makes signals work efficiently? A consideration of design not only gives new insights into the evolution...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01471-2
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resolving the structure of the eukaryotic tree of life remains one of the most important and challenging tasks facing biologists. The notion of six eukaryotic 'supergroups' has recently gained some acceptance, and several papers in 2007 suggest that resolution of higher taxonomic levels is possible. However, in organi...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2008.02.004
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The shy-bold continuum is a fundamental axis of behavioral variation in humans and at least some other species, but its taxonomic distribution and evolutionary implications are unknown. Models of optimal risk, density- or frequency-dependent selection, and phenotypic plasticity can provide a theoretical framework for ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1
更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sperm competition occurs when two (or more) males inseminate a single female during a reproductive cycle, but what determines which one of them will fertilize her eggs? Is it simply a lottery, or are there some more complex rules by which matings are translated into offspring? Several studies covering various animal g...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(90)90047-H
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-organization was introduced originally in the context of physics and chemistry to describe how microscopic processes give rise to macroscopic stuctures in out-of-equilibrium systems, Recent research that extends this concept to ethology suggests that it provides a concise description of a wide range of collective...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01048-3
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The high plant diversity of mediterranean-climate regions has attracted much attention over the past few years. This review discusses patterns and determinants of local, differential and regional plant diversity in all five regions. Local diversity shows great variation within and between regions and explanations for ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(96)10044-6
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenotypic plasticity has often been assumed to buffer the effects of natural selection and thus act as a constraint on evolutionary change. It has become increasingly clear, however, that phenotypic plasticity actually represents a fundamental component of evolutionary change. Where genetic variation for plasticity e...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(91)90070-E
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has generally been assumed that increasing atmospheric CO(2) concentrations will increase plant carbon-based secondary or structural compounds concentrations. These changes may have far-reaching consequences for herbivory and plant litter decomposition. Recent experimental results provide evidence of increases in c...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01235-4
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There has been considerable debate about the role of hybrids in the evolutionary process. One question has involved the relative fitness of hybrid versus non-hybrid genotypes. For some, the assumption of lower hybrid fitness continues to be integral to their concept of species and speciation. In contrast, numerous wor...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tree.2010.06.005
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Episodic heat waves and an increase in pesticide use are widely cited as consequences of climatic warming. Recent studies show that these stressors often cause declines in the mean body size of zooplankton. Results from laboratory and field studies, as well as observations from both thermal- or toxicant-stressed natur...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0169-5347(93)90144-E
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Nature of Disease in Plants by R.P. Scheffer Cambridge University Press, 1997. £45.00/$64.95 hbk (ix +325 pages) ISBN 0 521 48247 X. ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01265-2
更新日期：1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cambridge University Press, 1997. $64.95/£45.00hbk (xii +338 pages) ISBN 0 521 55014 9 Blackwell Science, 1997. $49.50/£29.50pbk (xi +642 pages) ISBN 0 865 42574 4. ...
journal_title：Trends in ecology & evolution
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0169-5347(97)01308-6
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
