Abstract:
:Multivalent cations have been known to be important components of activated sludge floc structure due to their bridging ability of the negatively charged sites on the biopolymer network. Recently in batch systems it was found that excess concentration of monovalent cations led to the deterioration in settleability, dewaterability of sludges and effluent quality of the system. In this study, effect of influent monovalent cations (potassium and sodium) on activated sludge floc structure was investigated in semi-continuous reactors. Results revealed that the increase in concentration of both ions correlated to the general increase in total EPS concentration. The zeta potential values were affected by the cation type and dose in such a way that sludge from sodium reactors had always higher zeta potential values (higher negative charge) than the sludges from potassium reactors. Flocs from sodium reactors were more fragile and weak and the capillary suction time values of these sludges were higher compared to those from potassium reactors. The findings of this research conclude that the floc structure is significantly weakened with the increase of monovalent cations. Even though EPS is produced, it is unable to bind the floc components together. With this, the physical properties of sludge deteriorate for both cations.
journal_name
Biotechnol Bioengjournal_title
Biotechnology and bioengineeringauthors
Kara F,Gurakan GC,Sanin FDdoi
10.1002/bit.21755subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
231-9issue
2eissn
0006-3592issn
1097-0290journal_volume
100pub_type
杂志文章abstract::In vitro gliding assay, microtubule translocation by kinesin motor proteins on a surface, has been used as an engineering tool in analyte detection, molecular cargo transport, and other applications. Although controlling the moving direction is often necessary to realize these applications, current direction control m...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26933
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Efficient cofactor regeneration and reuse are highly desired for many important biotransformation applications. Here we show for the first time that cofactor NAD(H) covalently attached to micro particles, which can be easily recovered and reused, effectively mediated multistep reactions catalyzed by enzymes that were ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21584
更新日期:2008-02-15 00:00:00
abstract::A generic "system on a plate" modular multicompartmental bioreactor array which enables microwell protocols to be transferred directly to the bioreactor modules, without redesign of cell culture experiments or protocols is described. The modular bioreactors are simple to assemble and use and can be easily compared wit...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22671
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intracellular delivery of functional proteins is of great interest for basic biological research as well as for clinical applications. Transfection is the most commonly used method, however, it is not applicable to large-scale manipulation and inefficient in important cell types implicated in biomedical applications, ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.27245
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ability of algae and bacteria to accumulate heavy metals from the surrounding environment is a widely recognized phenomenon that has a number of important implications. This work reports on the development of a quantitative model that addresses the basic mechanisms inherent in many uptake processes. The model post...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260340713
更新日期:1989-10-05 00:00:00
abstract::Temperature shifting was investigated as a means of improving cloned-gene product yields form a recombinant Escherichia coli containing the temperature-sensitive plasmid, pOU 140. In a series of shaker flask fermentations recombinant cells were thermally induced for different time periods. The growth, stability, and p...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260290416
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::PHA, a naturally occurring biopolymer produced by a wide range of microorganisms, is known for its applications as bioplastic. In recent years the use of agro-industrial wastewater as substrate for PHA production by bacterial enrichments has attracted considerable research attention. Crude glycerol as generated during...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.24991
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rate and yield expressions relating to biomass and xanthan formation and to nitrogen, glucose, and oxygen consumption were established for Xanthomonas campestris batch fermentations in a bubble column. Microbial growth was described by the logistic rate equation, characterized by a maximum specific growth rate mu(M) =...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260330404
更新日期:1989-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Pseudomonads are serious candidates for siderophore production applied to toxic metal (TM) solubilization. The bioaugmentation of contaminated soils by these TM-solubilizing bacteria combined with phytoextraction is an emerging clean-up technology. Unfortunately, siderophore synthesis may be drastically reduced by sol...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20937
更新日期:2006-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::This communication demonstrates that two-phase aqueous mixed (nonionic/ionic) micellar systems have the potential for improving the separation of proteins from viruses. Specifically, two separation experiments were performed to show that the addition of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) to the two-ph...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10377
更新日期:2002-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::Macroencapsulation technology has been an attractive topic in the field of treatment for Type 1 diabetes due to mechanical stability, versatility, and retrievability of the macro-capsule design. Macro-capsules can be categorized into extravascular and intravascular devices, in which solute transport relies either on d...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/bit.25895
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The second messenger cyclic dimeric (3'→5') GMP (cyclic di-GMP or c-di-GMP) has been implicated in the transition between motile and sessile lifestyles in bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate that biofilm formation, cellular aggregation or flocculation, and cellular buoyancy are under the control of c-di-GMP in Syn...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.25712
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major challenge in downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is the removal of host cell proteins (HCPs). Previous studies have shown that cell culture conditions significantly impact the HCP content at harvest. However, it is currently unclear how process conditions affect physiological changes in the ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26437
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Design of 3D scaffolds that can facilitate proper survival, proliferation, and differentiation of progenitor cells is a challenge for clinical applications involving large connective tissue defects. Cell migration within such scaffolds is a critical process governing tissue integration. Here, we examine effects of sca...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.23027
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The microfluidic environment provided by implanted prostheses has a decisive influence on the viability, proliferation and differentiation of cells. In bone tissue engineering, for instance, experiments have confirmed that a certain level of wall shear stress (WSS) is more advantageous to osteoblastic differentiation....
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22842
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among various routes for the biological hydrogen production, the NAD(P)H-dependent pentose phosphate (PP) pathway is the most efficient for the dark fermentation. Few studies, however, have focused on the glucose-6-phosphate 1-dehydrogenase, encoded by zwf, as a key enzyme activating the PP pathway. Although the gluco...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.23259
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein-protein interactions were measured for ovalbumin and for lysozyme in aqueous salt solutions. Protein-protein interactions are correlated with a proposed potential of mean force equal to the free energy to desolvate the protein surface that is made inaccessible to the solvent due to the protein-protein interact...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10342
更新日期:2002-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::Cellulolytic fungi, such as Trichoderma reesei, T. lignorum, and Chaetomium cellulolyticum reach a low packing density of mycelia when grown on straw under conditions of solid substrate fermentation. The low packing density is shown to be caused partially by the geometric limitation of the growth of mycelia in the sub...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260271209
更新日期:1985-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper describes batch and semicontinuous acetic acid fermentations for wine vinegar production carried out with Acetobacter pasteurianus, and an industrial strain using a noncommercial 100-L bubble column reactor equipped with a novel type of gas-liquid dynamic sparger. Results showed acetification rates with thi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990420)63:2<141::aid-bit
更新日期:1999-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Short-chain carboxylic acids generated by various mixed- or pure-culture fermentation processes have been considered valuable precursors for production of bioalcohols. While conversion of carboxylic acids into alcohols is routinely performed with catalytic hydrogenation or with strong chemical reducing agents, here, a...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.24786
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::NS0, a nonsecreting mouse myeloma cell, is a major host line used for recombinant antibody production. These cells have a cholesterol-dependent phenotype and rely on an exogenous supply of cholesterol for their survival and growth. To better understand the physiology underlying cholesterol dependence, we compared NS0 ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20429
更新日期:2005-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The enantiocatalytic performance of immobilized lipase in an emulsion membrane reactor using stable emulsion prepared by membrane emulsification technology was studied. The production of optical pure (S)-naproxen from racemic naproxen methyl ester was used as a model reaction system. The O/W emulsion, containing the s...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.10826
更新日期:2003-12-20 00:00:00
abstract::A method was developed for obtaining high signal-to-noise 13C NMR spectra of intracellular compounds in metabolically active cultured cells. The method allows TCA cycle labeling kinetics to be determined in real time without significant oxygen transport limitations. Cells were immobilized on the surface of nonporous m...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.20191
更新日期:2004-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::For in vitro liver replacement devices, such as packed bed bioreactors, to maintain the essential functions of the liver, they must at least successfully support hepatocytes, the parenchymal cell of the liver. In vivo, the liver is a major consumer of oxygen. Hence it is unsurprising that the limited transport distanc...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.21681
更新日期:2008-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The sustainability of autotrophic granular system performing partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) for complete nitrogen removal is impaired by the production of nitrous oxide (N2 O). A systematic analysis of the pathways and affecting parameters is, therefore, required for developing N 2 O mi...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.26937
更新日期:2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article provides the analysis on biomass yields and energetic yields of the oleaginous yeasts. The biomass yields of the oleaginous yeasts are consistently lower than nonoleaginous microorganisms, whereas their energetic yields are higher. Data inconsistencies of literature are explained by the variation of energ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260280117
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A detailed mechanistic model of enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis has been developed. The behavior of individual cellulase enzymes and parameters describing the cellulose surface properties are included. Results obtained for individual enzymes (T. reesei endoglucanase 2 and cellobiohydrolase I) and systems with both enzy...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.22789
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A computer-controlled headspace gas chromatograph was used to monitor the progress of ethanol production from both aerobic batch and anaerobic continuous fermentations. Using an automatic, electropneumatic sampling system, aliquots of fermentation headspace gas were injected directly onto the column for quantitative e...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260251103
更新日期:1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of dilution rates on the performance of a two-stage fermentation system for a recombinant Escherichia coli culture were studied. Dilution rate determines the apparent or averaged specific growth rate of a heterogeneous population of cells in the recombinant culture. The specific growth rate affects the gen...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260380805
更新日期:1991-10-20 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of the cellulase-catalyzed conversion of soluble cellulose into glucose have been studied over a range of substrate concentrations and temperatures, and at pH values ranging from 4.75 to 7.0. Lineweaver-Burk plots were linear and led to V = 6.2muM/s and K(m) = 13.1 mM at pH 5.8 and 25.0 degrees C. The pK ...
journal_title:Biotechnology and bioengineering
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/bit.260251011
更新日期:1983-10-01 00:00:00