Abstract:
:The article focuses on flaws in the actual approaches of exposure to a chemical of recipient organisms. It demonstrates the excessive use of arguments based on adverse effects and underlines the necessity to take adaptive effects seriously. Regulators are invited to rethink their inclination to the 'When in doubt, keep it out.' precautionary approach, with results in counter-productive and costly regulations. The authors are clear about the necessity to include hormesis, in the form of a toxicological insignificant exposure (TIE) level, related to the concentration, as a regulatory translation of adaptive effects. This inclusion might well be the 'brake' for the looming 'collision' with reality of the actual linear toxicological models. This analysis includes the advice to EPA, not to follow the 'witch hunt of synthetic chemicals' as embodied in the EU REACH program.
journal_name
Hum Exp Toxicoljournal_title
Human & experimental toxicologyauthors
Hanekamp JC,Bast Adoi
10.1177/0960327107083414subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-11-01 00:00:00pages
855-73issue
11eissn
0960-3271issn
1477-0903pii
26/11/855journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1-Bromopropane (1-BP) is an increasingly used chemical solvent for cleaning metals and gradually replacing spraying adhesives. Workers exposed to 1-BP (WBP) showed nervous system dysfunction and other symptoms. This study focused on the proteomic change between healthy individuals (HIs), WBP and poisoned patients with...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327117689911
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pentavalent antimonial (Sb5+) drugs such as meglumine antimoniate (MA) are the mainstay treatment of leishmaniases in developing countries. The effects of these compounds on drug-metabolizing enzymes have not been characterized and their potential pharmacokinetic interactions with other drugs are therefore unknown. Th...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327116637110
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abstract::Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae) is a commonly used medicinal plant in folk medicine. Among several uses, T. polium is used to treat male fertility problems. This research was conducted to study the effect of T. polium on spermatogenesis, testosterone level, androgen receptor expression, and fertility in male rats. Admi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327116688069
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Diallyl sulfide, a sulfur-containing volatile compound present in garlic (Allium sativum), exerts anticarcinogenic activity in various rodent tumor models. In the present study, apoptosis-inhibiting effects of diallyl sulfide against a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327108088978
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of breast cancer patients are resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy due to the down-regulation or lack of caspase-3 expression. Capsaicin was found to inhibit cancer cell growth in caspase-3-deficient human breast cancer cells. This study aimed to investigate the growth-inhibitive effect of capsaicin ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110396530
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) is a skin-penetrating solvent able to induce hepatic damage after chronic exposure. Previous research has indicated that metabolism may be saturated at its present TLV/TWA (10 ppm). Biological monitoring of monomethylacetamide (MMAc), the primary metabolite of DMAc, might therefore underestima...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719301200206
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abstract::Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) enzyme is sensitive to pro-oxidant agents, including molecular oxygen. Here, we tested whether hyperoxygenation after total intravenous (i.v.) anesthesia could interact with the type of anesthesia (dexmedetomidine, continuous infusion; 0.5 μg/kg/h or remifentanil, continuous...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110372399
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abstract::The antidiabetic agent metformin was shown to further possess chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects against cancer. Despite the advances, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in decreasing tumor formation are still unclear. The understanding of the participation of oxidative stress in the action mechani...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
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abstract::The purpose of the present study is to establish a new animal model of azithromycin (AZ)-induced liver injury and study the molecular pathological change during the process. First, mice were respectively injected intraperitoneally with AZ of different high doses. Our results showed that 800 mg/kg AZ injection signific...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::Pesticides, including organophosphate (OP), organochlorine (OC), and carbamate (CB) compounds, are widely used in agricultural and indoor purposes. OP and CB act as acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors that affect lots of organs such as peripheral and central nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain, wh...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer-doxorubicin (PK1) is a novel polymeric anticancer agent containing doxorubicin (approximately 8 wt%) bound to the polymer backbone via a Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly peptidyl linker. The approximate LD50 of PK1 in MF1 mice after a single i.v. injection was 63 mg/kg (doxorubicin-eq...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719801700204
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Celecoxib has been shown to have antitumor effect in previous studies but the mechanisms are unclear. The effect of celecoxib on cytosolic Ca(2+) concentrations ([Ca(2+)]i) and viability in HA59T human hepatoma cells was explored. The Ca(2+)-sensitive fluorescent dye fura-2 was applied to measure [Ca(2+)]i. Celecoxib ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327112472996
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Brain tumors are often incurable despite current aggressive treatment modalities. Regional intracerebral administration of labeled monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) can maximize the radioisotope and Mab concentration to tumor sites while reducing systemic toxicity. h-R3 is a humanized antiepidermal growth factor receptor M...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032700675323269
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. 26Al and 67Ga were given as citrates to a healthy male volunteer by intravenous injection. The retention of both tracers was studied by body radioactivity measurement. Levels in blood and excreta were determined by gamma-ray spectrometry and/or accelerator mass spectrometry. 2. More than half of the 26Al had left t...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719501400309
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Morphine-6-glucuronide, the active metabolite of morphine, and to a lesser extent morphine itself are known to accumulate in patients with renal failure. A number of cases on non-lethal morphine toxicity in patients with renal impairment report high plasma concentrations of morphine-6-glucuronide, suggesting that this...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110388962
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The influence of pharmacological pretreatment (pyridostigmine, benactyzine and trihexyphenidyle), designated PANPAL, on soman-induced cholinergic and stressogenic effects as well as on the efficacy of antidotal treatment (HI-6 plus obidoxime) in rats was studied. 2. PANPAL prophylaxis significantly decreased soman-...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/096032719601500503
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The reactivating and therapeutic efficacy of a new acetylcholinesterase reactivator, designated BI-6 (1-/2-hydroxyiminomethylpyridinium/-4-/carbamoylpyridinium/- 2-butene dibromide), against organophosphate sarin was compared with presently used oximes (pralidoxime, obidoxime, methoxime) and H oximes (HI-6, HLö-7) ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032799678845106
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide aggregation and cholinergic neurodegeneration are involved in the development of cognitive impairment. Therefore, in this article, we examined rosuvastatin (RSV), an oral hypolipidemic drug, to determine its potential as a dual inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Aβ peptide aggregati...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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abstract::The time-dependent changes in lead (Pb) concentrations in major tissues, serum and urine, and the Pb biomarker delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) concentration in urine were studied in rats after sub-chronic Pb exposure. Female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were exposed to Pb in drinking water at concentrations of 100 ppm and...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327109107046
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Accidental toxicity by organophosphate (OP) agents may occur among farmers during spraying season due to improper use and handling. Plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activity measurement is recommended to monitor the extent of exposure to the OP agent. The aim of the current study was to measure plasma ChE activ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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doi:10.1177/0960327115584990
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abstract::Acute and chronic arsenic exposure result in toxicity both in human and animal beings and cause many hepatic and renal manifestations. The present study stated that mushroom lectin prevents arsenic-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis was measured by morphological alterations, cell proliferation index (CPI), phagocytic activi...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
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doi:10.1177/0960327110372642
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::After acknowledging Renn's careful investigation and valuable insights, this paper expands on some issues that have been somewhat neglected in his account. It addresses the relationship between risk, uncertainity and ignorance in risk assessment, focusing in particular on the need to recognize that framing assumptions...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1191/0960327103ht315oa
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resveratrol, a grape skin and red wine-derived polyphenolic phytoalexin, exhibits hormetic action delivering numerous health benefits at lower doses while being detrimental at higher doses. Epidemiologic and clinical trials need to be based on the clear understanding of hormetic health benefits of resveratrol. ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327110383626
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of biomarkers for toxicity prediction is crucial for drug development and safety evaluation. The selective and specific biomarkers for antihistamines-induced cardiotoxicity is not well identified yet. In order to evaluate the mechanism of the life-threatening effects caused by antihistamines, we use...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327114559988
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Methanol, a potent toxicant in humans, occurs naturally at a low level in most alcoholic beverages without causing harm. However, illicit drinks made from "industrial methylated spirits" [5% (v/v) methanol:95% (v/v) ethanol] can cause severe and even fatal illness. Since documentation of a no-adverse-effect level for ...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701718620864
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sterigmatocystin (Stg), a major secondary metabolite of Aspergillus versicolor and A. nidulans, is the precursor of aflatoxin B1. In this study, male albino rats were treated with Stg-contaminated diet for 30 days, resulting in reduced levels of glutathione, ascorbic acid, and alpha-tocopherol. The activity of catalas...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/096032701682692955
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective review of medical records was carried out to determine the pattern of drug and chemical poisoning cases admitted to a teaching hospital in Malaysia. Medical records of patients admitted during the period January 1987 to December 1995 were reviewed. They accounted for 0.2% of total admissions during the...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1191/0960327102ht260oa
更新日期:2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Genotoxicants can be identified as aneugens and clastogens through a micronucleus (MN) assay. The current high-content screening-based MN assays usually discriminate an aneugen from a clastogen based on only one parameter, such as the MN size, intensity, or morphology, which yields low accuracies (70-84%) because each...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327117695635
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Human volunteer studies are an essential part of drug development but their use in the area of non-pharmaceutical chemicals has so far been very limited. Such studies can have considerable value in the assessment and improvement of the safe use of chemicals. 2. Once metabolic pathways and target metabolites have be...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1177/096032719401300604
更新日期:1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Occupational chronic solvent encephalopathy (CSE) is associated with a number of neurobehavioural disorders including defects of visual perception. The purpose of this study was to characterize colour vision defects in CSE patients. Colour vision was tested in bright illumination with the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue te...
journal_title:Human & experimental toxicology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1177/0960327107076820
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00