Abstract：
:Occupational diseases are now being assessed at the cellular and molecular levels; this presents new opportunities for prevention and control [Calleman et al., 1978; Ong et al., 1987; Stejskal et al., 1989; Welch and Cullen, 1988; Garry et al., 1989]. The key to these opportunities is the ability to detect biological markers that reflect exposure, response, and susceptibility. Biological markers are not new, however. Biological markers such as blood lead, urinary phenol levels in benzene exposure, and liver function assays have long been used in occupational and public health research and practice. What distinguishes the current generation of markers from previous markers is a greater degree of analytical sensitivity and the ability to describe events that occur earlier in the progression between exposure and clinical disease. There are now new domains of response that were not known to exist 20 years ago. Accompanying this sensitivity is the increased requirement to consider the numerous factors that can influence the appearance of biological markers. It has been observed that all workers with similar exposures do not develop disease or markers indicative of exposure or disease. Various acquired and hereditary host factors are responsible for this variation in responses. The role of assessing the nature and degree of variation between individuals is of paramount importance. Finally, the use of biological markers in occupational health research and practice also brings new ethical and legal considerations into high profile. This paper presents my personal opinions on how biological markers can contribute to occupational health efforts and the new requirements that they bring to the field. As with any technological change, the more we can anticipate the impact, the better our ability to adjust.
journal_name
Am J Ind Medjournal_title
American journal of industrial medicineauthors
Schulte PAdoi
10.1002/ajim.4700200402subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-01-01 00:00:00pages
435-46issue
4eissn
0271-3586issn
1097-0274journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:The Fogarty International Center (FIC) of the United States National Institutes of Health includes the International Training and Research in Environmental and Occupational Health (ITREOH) Program. The "International Training Program in Environmental Toxicology and Public Health" Center, funded in 2002 is ba...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22044
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The mortality profile of female nurses and teachers in British Columbia (BC) was examined using age-standardized proportional mortality ratios (PMRs) calculated for the period 1950-1984. Lowered overall mortality among nurses was seen for degenerative heart disease and for cerebrovascular accidents. Significantly elev...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700260111
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The etiology of retroperitoneal fibrosis is unknown in 70% of the cases. The aim of our study was to examine the possible association between occupational asbestos exposure and retroperitoneal fibrosis; only two cases have been reported in the literature. We gathered all the cases of retroperitoneal fibrosis diagnosed...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199804)33:4<418::aid-ajim1
更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Production of asbestos-cement products in Brazil started in the 1940s, peaked in the 60-70s and is still an active industry. This study was designed to assess the non-malignant effects of asbestos exposure in the asbestos-cement industry in Brazil. METHODS:A group of 828 former asbestos-cement workers enrol...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.1095
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sickness benefit claims are an important economic burden to society. This study aims to determine the incidence of sickness benefit claims in Brazil in 2008, exploring the role of economic activity. METHODS:Population-based study on sickness claims lasting longer than 15 days of sickness absence granted to ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20974
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A medical screening program began in 1986 for sheet metal workers exposed to asbestos, primarily while working alongside insulators applying spray-on asbestos materials, a practice banned in 1973. Exposure continues during maintenance, renovation, and repair. METHODS:Radiographic abnormalities among 26 397 ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22998
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the course of a health screening for construction carpenters, 127 subjects underwent blood lead testing, administration of detailed questionnaires, and in vivo measurement of bone lead levels with a 109Cd K-X-ray fluorescence (K-XRF) instrument. The mean age of subjects was 48.5 (SD = 9.8) years. Blood lead levels ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700260211
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although work-site obesity prevention programs have been widely promoted, they have a high rate of attrition and participants find it very difficult to maintain the decreased weight. It is necessary to develop effective work-site programs that match the type of intervention to the participants and offer the ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.10059
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:No information exists on the differences between teenagers with work permits and teenagers without work permits in regards to workplace injury, near-miss incidents, and safety training. METHODS:In May 2003, an anonymous questionnaire was administered to 7,506 teens attending high school throughout the five ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20301
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational exposure to free silica is widespread in several economic sectors and is well known to cause silicosis. This study was designed to establish a database of enterprises and workers in industrial sectors involving silica exposure in Italy and to estimate the number of workers potentially at high ri...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20619
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pressure from the vinyl chloride (VC) industry on researchers involved in industry-sponsored studies and on regulatory agencies has been documented since 1970s. This commentary describes the influence of a lawsuit pursued by workers of an Italian VC plant on the recent scientific debate on VC exposure and risk of hepa...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20941
更新日期：2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:For truck drivers, distracted driving is a workplace behavior that increases occupational injury risk. We propose safety climate as an appropriate lens through which researchers can examine occupational distracted driving. METHODS:Using a mixed methods study design, we surveyed truck drivers using the Safet...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22473
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A case-control study on work with video screen equipment during pregnancy has been made for three cohorts of women, identified with the aid of occupational codes in the census, linked to the Medical Birth Registry and a registry containing information on women hospitalized for spontaneous abortion. Five hundred and tw...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700090507
更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Continuous increase in male incidence of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MMP) despite the drop of asbestos production since 1980 in Québec motivated this study aiming to assess when the rates of MMP will decline. METHODS:Age-standardized rates and trends were estimated over the 1984-2007 period by sex...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22442
更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Previous studies of workers' compensation claims for low back pain (LBP) have revealed that the preponderance of disability is borne by a fraction of cases. However, less is known regarding the influence of occupational factors on these extreme conditions. METHODS:Workers' compensation claims (n=107,867) fo...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(200005)37:5<558::aid-ajim1
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The UAB-ITREOH program has initiated a skill-based MPH program at Manipal University (MU), India, in 2009, to address the critical need for trained public health professionals and build institutional public health training capacity in the country. METHODS:Funds from Fogarty have supported the curriculum dev...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22045
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the one-year prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms and associated risk factors in a large sample of Chinese workers in various industrial settings. METHODS:A total of 5,338 (3,632 males and 1,706 females) workers from 13 companies participated in this study. Musculoskeletal symptoms in differ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.21037
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Biomass cooking fuel is the main source of indoor air pollution in the majority of households in the developing world. Sri Lanka is an island of about 20 million population with urban, rural, and estate population of 14.6%, 80.0%, and 5.4%, respectively. This study describes biomass fuel use for cooking in S...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.21023
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Using both quantitative and qualitative data, this study examined teen workers' perceptions about their work environments and the ways in which teens believe workplaces can be made safer. METHODS:We conducted telephone interviews (n = 117) and six focus groups (n = 49) with two separate samples of North Car...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199810)34:4<342::aid-ajim7
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formaldehyde is commonly accepted to be an allergen and irritant. However, specifically diagnosed occupational respiratory diseases caused by formaldehyde are relatively rare. Occupational laryngitis was diagnosed in a 47-year-old dairy foreman. He had been exposed for 9 years to formaldehyde emitted from a milk-packi...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199603)29:3<275::AID-AJIM7
更新日期：1996-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fertility among men working in semiconductor manufacturing during 1984-89 was assessed in a 1990-91 cross-sectional study of eight companies. Men working in wafer fabrication rooms (fabs) (n = 241, 165 births) were compared to men in nonfabrication (nonfab) jobs (n = 447, 300 births). Results showed that 17% of fab me...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700280618
更新日期：1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To investigate the effects of styrene exposure on peripheral, central, and autonomic nervous system functions in man, we measured the distribution of nerve conduction velocities (DCV), short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), and variability in electrocardiographic R-R interval (CVRR) as well as conventio...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700200609
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Occupational bladder cancer mortality among minority racial/ethnic groups is not well described compared to occupational bladder cancer mortality among non-minority males in the United States. METHODS:Race/ethnicity- and sex-specific bladder cancer mortality (1985-1992) of workers employed in 21 states was ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/1097-0274(200007)38:1<90::aid-ajim10>3.0.c
更新日期：2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In view of the increasing incidence of diseases such as gastritis and ulcers in workers exposed to noise, we assessed whether noise does in fact affect gastric secretion. Then, considering the conflicting findings published on the effects of noise on gastric secretion, we also investigated whether the response was rel...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.4700260310
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are very few published studies evaluating the impact of safety and health training on injury outcomes in the construction industry. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the training program on injury rates at a major railway construction project. METHODS:The population consisted of 2,795 ...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20770
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few epidemiologic studies have addressed the exposure-response relationships between work activities and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). This analysis used data from a national survey and ergonomists' ratings to address this issue. METHODS:Interview and knee X-ray data were obtained from the Third Nat...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20512
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A major French chlorine chemical plant (chlor-alkali process with diaphragm cell and manufacturing of organochlorine chemicals) has used or produced known or suspected carcinogenic compounds. METHODS:A cohort study, based on the plant occupational health service and the regional cancer registry, analyzed th...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.22069
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The healthy survivor effect is a selection process whereby healthy workers are selectively retained in the work force while unhealthy workers are removed. Understanding this phenomenon is integral to the accurate assessment of exposure effects in occupational cohorts. To date, scarce information has been pub...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199904)35:4<343::aid-ajim4
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The SARS outbreak in 2003 has spawned a major controversy concerning protective performance facemasks for healthcare workers. This study reports a study on in-vivo protective performance of surgical masks and N95 respirators. METHODS:Typical surgical masks and N95 respirators used in Hong Kong hospitals wer...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/ajim.20395
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The occupational histories of fathers were collected prospectively as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood (ALSPAC), and were used to investigate the association of paternal job title with a baby's birth weight and gestational age. The analysis cohort consisted of 4,795 singleton live-born ba...
journal_title：American journal of industrial medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199706)31:6<738::aid-ajim1
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
