Abstract：
:The segmentation of vertebrate embryos depends on a complex genetic network that generates highly dynamic gene expression. Many of the elements of the network have been identified, but their interaction and their influence on segmentation remain poorly understood. A few mathematical models have been proposed to explain the dynamics of subsets of the network, but the mechanistic bases remain controversial. This review focuses on outstanding problems with the generation of somitogenesis clock oscillations, and the ways they could regulate segmentation. Proposals that oscillations are generated by a negative feedback loop formed by Lunatic fringe and Notch signaling are weighed against a model based on positive feedback, and the experimental basis for models of simple negative feedback involving Her/Hes genes or Wnt targets is evaluated. Differences are then made explicit between the many 'clock and wavefront' model variants that have been proposed to explain how the clock regulates segmentation. An understanding of the somitogenesis clock will require addressing experimentally the many questions that arise from the study of simple models.
journal_name
Mech Devjournal_title
Mechanisms of developmentauthors
Cinquin Odoi
10.1016/j.mod.2007.06.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-08-01 00:00:00pages
501-17issue
7-8eissn
0925-4773issn
1872-6356pii
S0925-4773(07)00104-9journal_volume
124pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:BMP2, like its Drosophila homologue dpp, is an important signaling molecule for specification of cardiogenic mesoderm in vertebrates. Here, we analyzed the time-course of BMP2-requirement for early heart formation in whole chick embryos and in explants of antero-lateral plate mesoderm. Addition of Noggin to explants i...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00311-1
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cloning of a Pax6 orthologue from the sepiolid squid Euprymna scolopes and its developmental expression pattern are described. The data are consistent with the presence of a single gene encoding a protein with highly conserved DNA-binding paired and homeodomains. A detailed expression analysis by in situ hybridiza...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00456-2
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hox gene expression imparts segment identity to body structures along the anterior-posterior axis and is tightly governed by higher order chromatin mechanisms. Chromatin regulatory features of the homeotic complex are best defined in Drosophila melanogaster, where multiple cis-regulatory elements have been identified ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2015.07.015
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The bHLH protein eHAND is a sensitive marker for cardiovascular precursors in the Xenopus embryo. The earliest site of expression is a broad domain within the lateral plate mesoderm of the tailbud embryo. This domain comprises precursors that contribute to the posterior cardinal veins in later stages. Surprisingly, ex...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00010-0
更新日期：1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila homeobox gene engrailed (en) is needed for correct embryonic development, and related sequences are active during vertebrate embryogenesis. Here we report the protein coding sequence and embryonic expression pattern of the zebrafish engrailed-2 gene (eng-2) which is directly homologous to En-2 in mice a...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(92)90025-f
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smad5, together with Smad1 and Smad8, have been implicated as downstream signal mediators for several bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). Recent studies have shown that primordial germ cells (PGCs) are absent or greatly reduced in Bmp4 or Bmp8b mutant mice. To define the role of Smad5 in PGC development, we examined P...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00367-7
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The spatial and temporal analysis of GATA-3 expression pattern in the human embryo revealed its expression in new anatomical sites. These include the endoderm of the primitive foregut, pharynx and allantois, the branchial arches and the mesenchymal cells surrounding the stomach and dorsal aorta. On the other hand, hum...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00088-x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila wing is a classical model for studying the generation of developmental patterns. Previous studies have suggested that vein primordia form at boundaries between discrete sectors of gene expression along the antero-posterior (A/P) axis in the larval wing imaginal disc. Observation that the vein marker rho...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00041-8
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:DmFoxF is a novel Drosophila fork head domain factor, which is expressed in the visceral mesoderm of the embryo. Our data suggest that DmFoxF is the fly orthologue of the vertebrates FOXF1 and FOXF2 transcription factors. DmFoxF shares homology with FOXF1 and FOXF2 in its fork head domain, and it is able to specifical...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00603-7
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have investigated the mechanisms by which the epithelial apicolateral junctional complex (AJC) is generated during trophectoderm differentiation in the mouse blastocyst using molecular, structural and functional analyses. The mature AJC comprises an apical tight junction (TJ), responsible for intercellular sealing ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00416-0
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We report the characterization of a zebrafish DnaJ-like protein, homologue to the human Hsp40 protein hdj1, that we named zf-Hsp40. We have studied its expression during fin regeneration and we show that zf-Hsp40 mRNA level is drastically increased in all ray segments beneath the regenerated part, or blastema, in resp...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(00)00478-0
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A gene transfer method to ectopically express genes during chicken limb pattern formation using replication defective retroviral vectors has been established. Spherical non-proliferating (mitomycin C treated) aggregates of clonal retrovirus producing cells were grafted directly into developing chicken wing buds. The c...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(93)90035-v
更新日期：1993-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To analyse the possible roles of Drosophila tumour suppressor genes, 1(2)gl and 1(2)gd, in differentiation programmes of imaginal cells, we investigated their interactions with two segment polarity genes, viz., cubitus interruptus Dominant (ci-D) and engrailed (en), by examining their patterns of expression in tumouro...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(95)00367-3
更新日期：1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Splotch mice, which harbour mutations in the Pax3 gene, exhibit neural crest-related abnormalities including pigmentation defects, reduced or absent dorsal root ganglia and failure of cardiac outflow tract septation in homozygotes. Although splotch neural crest cells fail to colonise target tissues, they initiate migr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(97)00151-2
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila pointed gene encodes two ETS transcriptional activators, pointedP1 and pointedP2, sharing a common C-terminal ETS domain. In the embryonic central nervous system pointedP2 is required for midline glial cell differentiation, whereas, in the eye, pointedP2 is essential for photoreceptor cell differentiati...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(96)00568-0
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylogenetic location of hemichordates is unique because they seem to fill an evolutionary gap between echinoderms and chordates. We report here characterization of Pf-otx, a hemichordate ortholog of otx, with its embryonic and larval expression pattern. Pf-otx is initially expressed in the vegetal plate of the bl...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00279-8
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four genes - deltaA, deltaB, deltaC and deltaD - coding for homologues of the Notch ligand Delta have been discovered in zebrafish (Haddon et al., 1998b). We report here the cDNA sequence and expression pattern of deltaC. Its closest relatives are deltaB and Xenopus X-Delta-2. Unlike deltaA, deltaB, and deltaD, deltaC...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00231-2
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human RUNX3/AML2 gene belongs to the 'runt domain' family of transcription factors that act as gene expression regulators in major developmental pathways. Here, we describe the expression pattern of Runx3 during mouse embryogenesis compared to the expression pattern of Runx1. E10.5 and E14.5-E16.5 embryos were ana...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00537-8
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tubby is a mouse gene that may provide a model for adult-onset obesity in humans. It is a member of a four gene family in mammals that collectively encode the Tubby-like proteins (TULPs), putative transcription factors which share similar 260 amino acid 'tubby domains' at their C-termini. The mammalian genome also enc...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00211-3
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterised the transdifferentiation of human HepG2 (hepatoma) cells to pancreatic cells following introduction of an activated version of the pancreatic transcription factor Pdx1 (XlHbox8-VP16). The following questions are addressed: (1) are all types of pancreatic cells produced? (2) is the requirement for...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2005.01.001
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of a common endodermal progenitor cell to both pancreas and liver is suggested by anatomy of the development of pancreatic and liver buds in embryogenesis. Here we review the large body of evidence that pancreas to liver and liver to pancreas cell differentiation can also occur in adult life. The publish...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00336-2
更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dorsal thalamus (DT) is a pivotal region in the vertebrate brain that relays inputs from the peripheral sensory organs to higher cognitive centers. It consists of clusters of neurons with relevant functions, called brain nuclei. However, the mechanisms underlying development of the DT, including specification of t...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2003.09.001
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mammalian cell culture studies have shown that several members of the nuclear receptor super family such as glucocorticoid receptor, retinoic acid receptor and thyroid hormone receptor can repress the activity of AP-1 proteins by a mechanism that does not require the nuclear receptor to bind to DNA directly, but that ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(02)00116-8
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The embryonic fins and the tip of adult fins of teleost fish are supported by rows of straight, unmineralized fibrils called actinotrichia. The proximal ends of the actinotrichia are bundled and the mineralized bones called lepidotrichia are made along them. Since malformation in actinotrichia causes wavy fin bones, t...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2018.08.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mouse embryos lacking Gsc and Dkk1 function display severe deficiencies in craniofacial structures which are not found in either Dkk1 homozygous null or Gsc homozygous null mutant embryos. Loss of Gsc has a dosage-related effect on the severity of head truncation phenotype in Dkk1 heterozygous embryos. The synergistic...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2006.10.001
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Drosophila genes eyeless, eyes absent, sine oculis and dachshund cooperate as components of a network to control retinal determination. Vertebrate homologues of these genes have been identified and implicated in the control of cell fate. We present the cloning and characterization of mouse Dach2, a homologue of da...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(01)00307-0
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mice with targeted disruption of the TGF beta 2 gene display defects in epithelial-mesenchymal tissue interactions in several tissues including the developing cochlea. Specifically, the region of the spiral limbus and the overlying interdental cells, structures putatively involved in endolymphatic fluid homeostasis, d...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(98)00184-1
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the roles of Notch signaling and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) in the gliogenesis of mouse mesencephalic neural crest cells. The present study demonstrated that Notch activation or FGF treatment promotes the differentiation of glia expressing glial fibrillary acidic protein. Notch activation or FGF2 exp...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.mod.2008.01.008
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When an amphibian limb, cockroach leg or Drosophila imaginal disc is subjected to a surgical operation, it is capable of regenerating or duplicating certain parts. Although the structure of the regenerated tissue varies depending on the location and mass of the amputated or transplanted part, it can be predicted from ...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0925-4773(92)90043-j
更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:dkk-1 has recently been identified as a secreted protein in Xenopus laevis which is sufficient and necessary to cause head induction by antagonizing Wnt signalling (Glinka et al., 1998, Nature 391, 357-362). Consistent with such a role dkk-1 is expressed in the Spemann organizer of the early frog gastrula. Later, expr...
journal_title：Mechanisms of development
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0925-4773(99)00194-x
更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00
