Abstract:
OBJECTIVES:Excessive and not always proper use of antibiotic give rise to numerous problems, of which antimicrobial resistance, currently cause for worldwide concern, is the major one. Few single studies of antibiotic use have been carried out in some countries. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of antibiotic use in the general population of Lithuania with special interest in self-medication with antibiotics and sources of their acquisition. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Structured questionnaires on antibiotic use during the last 12 months were mailed to randomly selected adults and 746 of them were finally analyzed. RESULTS:It was found that 39.9% of respondents reported antibiotic use during the last 12 months preceding the study and 53.2% of those used them in self-medication. In general, 22.0% (95%CI: 19.1-25.1) of respondents used antibiotics without prescription, whereas 45.0% (95%CI: 41.3-48.7) of them used antibiotics for intended self-administration. Adjustment for all the factors revealed the impact of the occupation, place of residence and presence of chronic disease on self-medication with antibiotics. Representatives of managerial, executive and professional occupations used non-prescribed antibiotics 8.38 times more often (95% CI: 1.76-39.91, p = 0.01) than retired people. Healthy people showed the tendency to self-medication 2.04 times more frequently than those with chronic diseases (95%CI: 1.11-3.75, p = 0.02). Rural people used non-prescribed antibiotics 1.79 times more often than inhabitants of urban areas (95%CI: 1.00-3.18, p = 0.049). Community pharmacies proved to be the most frequent (86.0%) source of over-the-counter antibiotics. Tonsillitis, bronchitis, and upper respiratory infections were the major reasons for self-medication with antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS:The high prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was found in Lithuania. The study indicated the need for more strict control of antibiotic sales and promotion of education of the correct use of antibiotic among Lithuanian people.
journal_name
Int J Occup Med Environ Healthauthors
Berzanskyte A,Valinteliene R,Haaijer-Ruskamp FM,Gurevicius R,Grigoryan Ldoi
10.2478/v10001-006-0030-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
246-53issue
4eissn
1232-1087issn
1896-494Xjournal_volume
19pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity, alcoholic beverage consumption, unhealthy alcohol use and sudden sleep onset at the wheel among Italian truck drivers. In addition to prevalence rates, this study also aimed at investigating potential predictors for sudden-onset sleepiness a...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00638
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some of the recent publications have reported a decline in semen quality in the last few decades. This phenomenon is associated with environmental factors, particularly with exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The aim of this publication is to critically review the literature on exposure to the followin...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01195
更新日期:2018-07-04 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objectives of this study have been to: 1) describe and compare urban and rural injured worker populations in Alberta, Canada; 2) identify return-to-work outcomes in urban and rural populations; 3) examine the relationship between geographic location of residence and recovery from work-related musculoskel...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00926
更新日期:2017-07-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.2478/s13382-014-0261-0
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) are effective anti-cancer drugs but their genotoxicity can harm everyone contacting them occupationally or environmentally. Therefore, a sensitive method for monitoring their amounts in biological and environmental samples is needed. This has aimed to develop a metho...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00773
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this two-wave study has been to test the spillover and crossover of job and family demands on changes in perceived stress at work and in the family. Specifically, we proposed that demands from one domain (work or family) spilled over to another domain through interrrole conflict (work-family/famil...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01134
更新日期:2018-01-07 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is estimated that every third person living in Europe suffers from allergic diseases. Allergies are a growing health problem in Poland where 40% of the population have allergy symptoms, including 12% afflicted with asthma. The actual cost of allergic diseases is difficult to estimate due to the lack or incompletene...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01275
更新日期:2019-06-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00903
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2478/s13382-014-0264-x
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01436
更新日期:2019-11-15 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.2478/s13382-014-0310-8
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00643
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01479
更新日期:2020-01-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.00284
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01268
更新日期:2019-06-14 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.2478/s13382-013-0163-6
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::After an introduction, giving a short historical perspective on European Health and Safety legislation, the first experiences and opportunities for occupational physicians regarding international co-operation are described, with the first result in a form of a Position Paper on Occupational Health, adopted by the Stan...
journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01019
更新日期:2017-10-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2478/v10001-006-0005-x
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
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doi:10.2478/v10001-010-0021-8
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
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更新日期:2017-03-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00