Prophylactic antibiotics for penetrating abdominal trauma.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Penetrating abdominal trauma occurs when the peritoneal cavity is breached. Routine laparotomy for penetrating abdominal injuries began in the 1800s, with antibiotics first being used in World War II to combat septic complications associated with these injuries. This practice was marked with a reduction in sepsis-related mortality and morbidity. Whether prophylactic antibiotics are required in the prevention of infective complications following penetrating abdominal trauma is controversial, however, as no randomised placebo controlled trials have been published to date. There has also been debate about the timing of antibiotic prophylaxis. In 1972 Fullen noted a 7% to 11% post-surgical infection rate with pre-operative antibiotics, a 33% to 57% infection rate with intra-operative antibiotic administration and 30% to 70% infection rate with only post-operative antibiotic administration. Current guidelines state there is sufficient class I evidence to support the use of a single pre-operative broad spectrum antibiotic dose, with aerobic and anaerobic cover, and continuation (up to 24 hours) only in the event of a hollow viscus perforation found at exploratory laparotomy. OBJECTIVES:To assess the benefits and harms of prophylactic antibiotics administered for penetrating abdominal injuries for the reduction of the incidence of septic complications, such as septicaemia, intra-abdominal abscesses and wound infections. SEARCH STRATEGY:Searches were not restricted by date, language or publication status. We searched the following electronic databases: the Cochrane Injuries Group Specialised Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2008 Issue 3), MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE (Ovid), ISI Web of Science: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), ISI Web of Science: Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science (CPCI-S), PubMed. Searches were last conducted in September 2008. SELECTION CRITERIA:All randomised controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis or treatment in patients with penetrating abdominal trauma versus no antibiotics or placebo. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:The authors performed the literature search independently, and screened all resulting abstracts for inclusion. MAIN RESULTS:We identified no trials meeting the inclusion criteria. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:There is currently no information from randomised controlled trials to support or refute the use of antibiotics for patients with penetrating abdominal trauma.

authors

Brand M,Goosen J,Grieve A

doi

10.1002/14651858.CD007370.pub2

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-10-07 00:00:00

pages

CD007370

issue

4

issn

1469-493X

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Early versus late antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with epilepsy in remission.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiepileptic drugs ( AEDs) are used to prevent seizures but are associated with both short and long term adverse effects. When epilepsy is in remission, it may be in the patient's best interest to discontinue medication. However, the optimal timing of AED discontinuation is not known. OBJECTIVES:To quantif...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001902

    authors: Sirven JI,Sperling M,Wingerchuk DM

    更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00

  • Heparin versus 0.9% sodium chloride locking for prevention of occlusion in central venous catheters in adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Intermittent locking of central venous catheters (CVCs) is undertaken to help maintain their patency. There are systematic variations in care: some practitioners use heparin (at different concentrations), whilst others use 0.9% NaCl (normal saline). This review looks at the effectiveness and safety of interm...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008462.pub3

    authors: López-Briz E,Ruiz Garcia V,Cabello JB,Bort-Martí S,Carbonell Sanchis R,Burls A

    更新日期:2018-07-30 00:00:00

  • Baclofen for alcohol withdrawal.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Baclofen shows potential for rapidly reducing symptoms of severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) in people with alcoholism. Treatment with baclofen is easy to manage and rarely produces euphoria or other pleasant effects, or craving for the drug. This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review p...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008502.pub5

    authors: Liu J,Wang LN

    更新日期:2017-08-20 00:00:00

  • Skin grafting for venous leg ulcers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Venous leg ulceration is a recurrent, chronic, disabling condition. It affects up to one in 100 adults at some time. Standard treatments are simple dressings and compression bandages or stockings. Sometimes, despite treatment, ulcers remain open for months or years. Sometimes skin grafts are used to stimulat...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001737.pub3

    authors: Jones JE,Nelson EA

    更新日期:2007-04-18 00:00:00

  • Carbamazepine for schizophrenia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Many people with schizophrenia do not achieve a satisfactory treatment response with just antipsychotic drug treatment and various adjunct medications are used to promote additional response. The antiepileptic carbamazepine is one such drug. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of carbamazepine and its deriva...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001258.pub2

    authors: Leucht S,Kissling W,McGrath J,White P

    更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00

  • Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia. It is characterized by involuntary posturing of the head and frequently is associated with neck pain. Disability and social withdrawal are common. Most cases are idiopathic, and generally it is a life-long disorder. In recent years, botulinum toxin...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004314.pub2

    authors: Costa J,Borges A,Espírito-Santo C,Ferreira J,Coelho M,Moore P,Sampaio C

    更新日期:2005-01-25 00:00:00

  • T-tube drainage versus primary closure after open common bile duct exploration.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Between 5% and 11% of people undergoing cholecystectomy have common bile duct stones. Stones may be removed at the time of cholecystectomy by opening and clearing the common bile duct. The optimal technique is unclear. OBJECTIVES:The aim is to assess the benefits and harms of T-tube drainage versus primary ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005640.pub3

    authors: Gurusamy KS,Koti R,Davidson BR

    更新日期:2013-06-21 00:00:00

  • Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) post-percutaneous coronary intervention: a network meta-analysis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Clinicians must balance the risks of bleeding and thrombosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in people with an indication for anticoagulation. The potential of non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) to prevent bleeding complications is promising, but evidence remains limited. OBJECTIVES:To review ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013252.pub2

    authors: Al Said S,Alabed S,Kaier K,Tan AR,Bode C,Meerpohl JJ,Duerschmied D

    更新日期:2019-12-19 00:00:00

  • Routine perineal shaving on admission in labour.

    abstract::BackgroundPubic or perineal shaving is a procedure performed before birth in order to lessen the risk of infection if there is a spontaneous perinealtear or if an episiotomy is performed.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of routine perineal shaving before birth onmaternal and neonatal outcomes, according to the best ava...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001236.pub2

    authors: Basevi V,Lavender T

    更新日期:2014-11-14 00:00:00

  • Pentoxifylline for endometriosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Endometriosis is a chronic, recurring condition that occurs during the reproductive years. It is characterized by endometrial tissue developing outside the uterine cavity. This endometrial tissue development is dependent on oestrogen produced primarily by the ovaries and, therefore, traditional management ha...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007677.pub3

    authors: Lu D,Song H,Li Y,Clarke J,Shi G

    更新日期:2012-01-18 00:00:00

  • Mobility management to prevent, reduce, or delay driving a car in teenagers.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Rates of injury and death caused by car crashes with teenage drivers remain high in most high-income countries. In addition to injury and death, car use includes other non-traffic risks; these may be health-related, such as physical inactivity or respiratory disease caused by air pollution, or have global si...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009438.pub2

    authors: Ward A,Lewis SR,Weiss H

    更新日期:2020-08-16 00:00:00

  • Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) alone versus WBRT and radiosurgery for the treatment of brain metastases.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Historically, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has been the main treatment for brain metastases. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) delivers high-dose focused radiation and is being increasingly utilized to treat brain metastases. The benefit of adding SRS to WBRT is unclear. This is an updated version of t...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006121.pub4

    authors: Patil CG,Pricola K,Sarmiento JM,Garg SK,Bryant A,Black KL

    更新日期:2017-09-25 00:00:00

  • Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treatment for myasthenia gravis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:In myasthenia gravis, antibody-mediated blockade of acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction abolishes the naturally occurring 'safety factor' of synaptic transmission. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors provide temporary symptomatic treatment of muscle weakness, but there is controversy about thei...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006986.pub2

    authors: Mehndiratta MM,Pandey S,Kuntzer T

    更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00

  • Exercise for haemophilia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Haemophilia is a bleeding disorder associated with haemorrhaging into joints and muscles. Exercise is often used to aid recovery after bleeds, and to improve joint function in the presence of arthropathy. OBJECTIVES:Our objective was to systematically review the available evidence on the safety and effectiv...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011180.pub2

    authors: Strike K,Mulder K,Michael R

    更新日期:2016-12-19 00:00:00

  • Oestrogens for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in postmenopausal women.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) is defined as three episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) in the previous 12 months or two episodes in the last six months. The main factors associated with RUTI in postmenopausal women are vesical prolapse, cystocoele, post-voidal residue and urinary incontinence...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005131.pub2

    authors: Perrotta C,Aznar M,Mejia R,Albert X,Ng CW

    更新日期:2008-04-16 00:00:00

  • Intermittent inhaled corticosteroid therapy versus placebo for persistent asthma in children and adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:International guidelines advocate using daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in the management of children and adults with persistent asthma. However, in real world clinical settings, these medicines are often used at irregular intervals by patients. Recent evidence suggests that the use of intermittent ICS, ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011032.pub2

    authors: Chong J,Haran C,Chauhan BF,Asher I

    更新日期:2015-07-22 00:00:00

  • Recombinant factor VIIa for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in patients without haemophilia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) is licensed for use in patients with haemophilia and inhibitory allo-antibodies. It is also increasingly being used for off-license indications to prevent bleeding in operations where blood loss is likely to be high, and/or to stop bleeding that is proving difficult to contro...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005011.pub3

    authors: Lin Y,Stanworth S,Birchall J,Doree C,Hyde C

    更新日期:2011-02-16 00:00:00

  • Sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:To estimate the short-term efficacy and toxicity of sulfasalazine for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group trials register, and Medline, up to July 1997, using the search strategy developed by the Cochrane Collaboration (Dickersin 1994). ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000958

    authors: Suarez-Almazor ME,Belseck E,Shea B,Wells G,Tugwell P

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Trabeculectomy is performed as a treatment for glaucoma to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The surgical procedure involves creating a channel through the wall of the eye. However scarring during wound healing can block this channel which will lead to the operation failing. Anti-vascular endothelial growth ...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009782.pub2

    authors: Cheng JW,Cheng SW,Wei RL,Lu GC

    更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00

  • Anterior vaginal repair for urinary incontinence in women.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) is an operation traditionally used for moderate or severe stress urinary incontinence in women. About a third of adult women experience urinary incontinence. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effects of anterior vaginal repair (anterior colporrhaphy) on stress or mi...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001755

    authors: Glazener CM,Cooper K

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Interventions for preventing and treating incontinence-associated dermatitis in adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is one of the most common skin problems in adults who are incontinent for urine, stool, or both. In practice, products and procedures are the same for both prevention and treatment of IAD. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of var...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011627.pub2

    authors: Beeckman D,Van Damme N,Schoonhoven L,Van Lancker A,Kottner J,Beele H,Gray M,Woodward S,Fader M,Van den Bussche K,Van Hecke A,De Meyer D,Verhaeghe S

    更新日期:2016-11-10 00:00:00

  • Cognitive behavioural therapy plus standard care versus standard care plus other psychosocial treatments for people with schizophrenia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a psychosocial treatment that aims to help individuals re-evaluate their appraisals of their experiences that can affect their level of distress and problematic behaviour. CBT is now recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) as an add-o...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008712.pub3

    authors: Jones C,Hacker D,Meaden A,Cormac I,Irving CB,Xia J,Zhao S,Shi C,Chen J

    更新日期:2018-11-15 00:00:00

  • Heated, humidified air for the common cold.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Heated, humidified air is used by common cold sufferers since the invention of the steam kettle. There is scientific literature available investigating this mode of therapy using a rhinotherm. The present reviews addresses to the use of hot, humid air in common cold. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of inha...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub2

    authors: Singh M

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Surgical bypass of an occluded arterial segment is the mainstay of treatment for patients with critical limb ischaemia. As with many surgical interventions, however, it was introduced without formal evaluation. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to determine the effects of bypass surgery in patient...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002000

    authors: Leng GC,Davis M,Baker D

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Perioperative medications for preventing temporarily increased intraocular pressure after laser trabeculoplasty.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Glaucoma is the international leading cause of irreversible blindness. Intraocular pressure (IOP) is the only currently known modifiable risk factor; it can be reduced by medications, incisional surgery, or laser trabeculoplasty (LTP). LTP reduces IOP by 25% to 30% from baseline, but early acute IOP elevatio...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010746.pub2

    authors: Zhang L,Weizer JS,Musch DC

    更新日期:2017-02-23 00:00:00

  • Vitamin K supplementation for cystic fibrosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Malabsorption and deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K may occur in cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. Vitamin K is known to play an important role in both blood coagulation and bone formation, hence the role of supplementation of vitamin K in this category needs to be reviewed. T...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008482.pub6

    authors: Jagannath VA,Thaker V,Chang AB,Price AI

    更新日期:2020-06-04 00:00:00

  • Reminder packaging for improving adherence to self-administered long-term medications.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Current methods of improving medication adherence for health problems are mostly complex, labour-intensive, and not reliably effective. Medication 'reminder packaging' which incorporates a date or time for a medication to be taken in the packaging, can act as a reminder system to improve adherence. OBJECTIV...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005025.pub2

    authors: Heneghan CJ,Glasziou P,Perera R

    更新日期:2006-01-25 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic touch for healing acute wounds.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Therapeutic Touch (TT) is an alternative therapy that has gained popularity over the past two decades for helping wounds to heal. Practitioners enter a meditative state and pass their hands above the patient's body to find and correct any imbalances in the patient's 'life energy' or chi. Scientific instrumen...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002766.pub2

    authors: O'Mathúna DP,Ashford RL

    更新日期:2012-06-13 00:00:00

  • Interventions for chronic suppurative otitis media.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a serious bacterial infection of the middle ear that can follow untreated acute otitis media. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of different treatments for CSOM. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched Medline from 1966 to 1996 and a bibliographic collection of the Hearing Imp...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000473

    authors: Acuin J,Smith A,Mackenzie I

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute exacerbations in chronic infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Antibiotic therapy for acute pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis is usually chosen based on the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing of individual drugs. Combination antimicrobial susceptibility testing assesses the efficacy of drug combinations including two or three antibiotic...

    journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006961.pub4

    authors: Waters V,Ratjen F

    更新日期:2017-06-19 00:00:00