A three-year follow-up of major depression, dysthymia, minor depression and subsyndromal depression: results from a population-based study.

Abstract:

:This study examined the 3-year outcome of major depression (MD)/dysthymic disorder (DD), minor depression (MinD), and subsyndromal symptomatic depression (SSD) in a population-based sample. The aims were to study the fluctuating nature of the symptoms of depression and to analyze the risk of fulfilling the criteria for MD/DD at the follow-up. An extensive questionnaire was sent out to persons ages 20-64 years registered in Stockholm County. Depression was assessed with the Major Depression Inventory. After 3 years the procedure was repeated, and 8,622 persons participated in both waves. Diagnoses of MD/DD, MinD, or SSD were made. Highest 3-year stability in fulfilling the criteria for a specific depressive category was found in MD/DD, and of those affected, only 35.9% had one or fewer symptoms of depression at the 3-year follow-up. The frequency of those with one or fewer symptom of depression was equal in MinD (58.9%) and in SSD (56.5%). The relative risk (RR) of fulfilling the criteria for MD/DD at Wave 2 was highest for those affected by MD/DD (RR=22.4) at Wave 1, whereas those fulfilling the criteria for MinD or SSD had similar rates (RR=4.8 and 5.0, respectively). This study supports the view that depression is a dimensional illness, with the affected persons moving in and out of diagnostic subtypes. The 3-year prognosis was severe in half of the affected persons in all three diagnostic depression categories.

journal_name

Depress Anxiety

journal_title

Depression and anxiety

authors

Forsell Y

doi

10.1002/da.20231

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2007-01-01 00:00:00

pages

62-5

issue

1

eissn

1091-4269

issn

1520-6394

journal_volume

24

pub_type

杂志文章
  • RGS2 and generalized anxiety disorder in an epidemiologic sample of hurricane-exposed adults.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common and sometimes disabling condition often associated with stressful life events that involve significant loss or danger. The disorder appears moderately heritable. Polymorphisms in the RGS2 (regulator of G-protein signaling 2) gene were recently associated with an...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20528

    authors: Koenen KC,Amstadter AB,Ruggiero KJ,Acierno R,Galea S,Kilpatrick DG,Gelernter J

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Serotonergic modulation of the balance system in panic disorder: an open study.

    abstract::Experimental evidence suggests that panic disorder is characterized by abnormalities in the balance system function and that these abnormalities might be related to the severity of agoraphobic avoidance. Since the balance system can be modulated by the serotonergic system, we investigated the effect of a 6-week treatm...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.10092

    authors: Perna G,Alpini D,Caldirola D,Raponi G,Cesarani A,Bellodi L

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Possible precipitants of psychiatric hospitalization in patients with major depression: results from the Jerusalem Collaborative Depression Project.

    abstract::In spite of substantial advances in the treatment of major depression by pharmacotherapy and other means, a significant number of depressed patients require hospitalization. In the context of the Jerusalem Collaborative Depression Project, possible precipitants of psychiatric hospitalization were sought in a cohort of...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lerer B,Shapira B,Bloch M,Hanin B,Trudart T,Alexander JR,Popper M,Braun D,Segman RH,Ritsner M

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological distress and comorbid physical conditions: disease or disability?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The relationship between comorbidity and psychological distress is well documented, however the mechanism of this association is unclear. We aim to assess the extent to which the association between common chronic conditions and high scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) measure of psychol...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22162

    authors: Byles JE,Robinson I,Banks E,Gibson R,Leigh L,Rodgers B,Curryer C,Jorm L

    更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical case study: CBT for depression in a Puerto Rican adolescent: challenges and variability in treatment response.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is ample evidence of the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression in adolescents, including Puerto Rican adolescents. However, there is still a high percentage of adolescents who do not respond to a standard "dose" of 12 sessions of CBT. This clinical case study explores the charac...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20457

    authors: Jiménez Chafey MI,Bernal G,Rosselló J

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Are SSRIs better than TCAs? Comparison of SSRIs and TCAs: a meta-analysis.

    abstract::In this analysis we examined studies of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to compare efficacy and drop-out rates. Frequency of reported side effects was also studied. Using Medline, we located 36 clinical trials of TCAs and SSRIs in a double-blind comparison. We perfo...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1997)6:1<10::aid-da2>3.0.c

    authors: Steffens DC,Krishnan KR,Helms MJ

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Therapeutic advances: paroxetine for the treatment of social anxiety disorder.

    abstract::Data from early studies of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have shown that these agents are effective in the treatment of social anxiety disorder (social phobia). This review highlights the outcomes of three large clinical trials of paroxetine in patients with social anxiety disorder. In two of the studies, pa...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: Lydiard RB,Bobes J

    更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00

  • Psychological resilience in older U.S. veterans: results from the national health and resilience in veterans study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Although a large body of empirical research has examined negative psychological outcomes in older veterans, relatively little is known about the prevalence and determinants of psychological resilience in this population. METHODS:A nationally representative sample of 2,025 U.S. veterans aged 60 and older (me...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22083

    authors: Pietrzak RH,Cook JM

    更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00

  • Intrinsic functional and structural connectivity of emotion regulation networks in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    abstract::Despite emotion regulation being altered in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), no studies have investigated its relation to multimodal amygdala connectivity. We compared corticolimbic functional and structural connectivity between OCD patients and healthy controls (HCs), and correlated this with the di...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22845

    authors: Picó-Pérez M,Ipser J,Taylor P,Alonso P,López-Solà C,Real E,Segalàs C,Roos A,Menchón JM,Stein DJ,Soriano-Mas C

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • The role of early adverse experience and adulthood stress in the prediction of neuroendocrine stress reactivity in women: a multiple regression analysis.

    abstract::Sensitization of stress-responsive neurobiological systems as a possible consequence of early adverse experience has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood and anxiety disorders. In addition to early adversities, adulthood stressors are also known to precipitate the manifestation of these disorders. The presen...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.10015

    authors: Heim C,Newport DJ,Wagner D,Wilcox MM,Miller AH,Nemeroff CB

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Uncertainty increases neural indices of attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience abnormally high levels of uncertainty, and unpredictability is evaluated negatively and not well tolerated. The current study examined neural correlates of attentional processing in response to experimentally induced uncertainty in OCD. METHODS:Tw...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22655

    authors: Dieterich R,Endrass T,Kathmann N

    更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00

  • Alternative approaches to refractory depression in bipolar illness.

    abstract::Thus, there appears to be a large variety of approaches to refractory bipolar depression. In contrast to several decades ago, wherein augmentation of lithium with antidepressants and neuroleptics was essentially the only treatment mode available, a panoply of treatment options now exist. However, their relative effica...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Post RM,Leverich GS,Denicoff KD,Frye MA,Kimbrell TA,Dunn R

    更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pathways from parental mental disorders to offspring's work disability due to depressive or anxiety disorders in early adulthood-The 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Parental mental disorders have been shown to predict offspring's mental health problems. We examined whether pathways from parental mental disorders to offspring's psychiatric work disability in early adulthood are mediated through offspring's mental disorders and social disadvantage in adolescence. METHODS...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22847

    authors: Halonen JI,Merikukka M,Gissler M,Kerkelä M,Virtanen M,Ristikari T,Hiilamo H,Lallukka T

    更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00

  • Re-examining the differential familial liability of agoraphobia and panic disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Controversy surrounds the question of whether agoraphobia (AG) exists as an independent diagnostic entity apart from panic. In favor of this position, AG without panic disorder (PD) in parents was found being unrelated to offsprings' risk for AG or PD, albeit it may enhance the familial transmission of PD (N...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.21975

    authors: Knappe S,Beesdo-Baum K,Nocon A,Wittchen HU

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Reactivation of posttraumatic stress disorder after minor head injury.

    abstract::This report describes the reactivation of a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after a minor head injury in two young women who had recovered from extreme stress caused by sexual abuse during adolescence. Intrusive thoughts, images, dreams, and phobic avoidance bear a direct relationship to the specific circumstance...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:1<43::aid-da9>3.0.c

    authors: Berthier ML,Kulisevsky J,Fernández Benitez JA,Gironell A

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • A biopsychosocial model as a guide for psychoeducation and treatment of depression.

    abstract::Effective treatment of severe or chronic unipolar depression requires the combination of pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions, and demands a theoretical paradigm integrating biological and psychosocial aspects of depression. Supported by recent research, we propose in our article a biopsychosocial diath...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/da.20177

    authors: Schotte CK,Van Den Bossche B,De Doncker D,Claes S,Cosyns P

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Mobile assessment of heightened skin conductance in posttraumatic stress disorder.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Increased psychophysiological reactivity is a hallmark intermediate phenotype of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Individuals with PTSD exhibit greater skin conductance (SC) responses to trauma scripts than trauma survivors without PTSD. However, trauma scripts require time for development and cannot be...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22610

    authors: Hinrichs R,Michopoulos V,Winters S,Rothbaum AO,Rothbaum BO,Ressler KJ,Jovanovic T

    更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00

  • Symptom profiles of late-life anxiety and depression: The influence of migration, religion and loneliness.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine (1) clinically relevant anxiety with comorbid depression in an older population, and the presentation of subthreshold symptoms; (2) to assess anxiety and levels of comorbid depression associated with migration, religion, loneliness and long-term illness. METHODS:Analysis of Wave 1 of The Irish Lon...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22893

    authors: Curran E,Rosato M,Cooper J,Mc Garrigle CA,Leavey G

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Computational model of obsessive-compulsive disorder: examination of etiologic hypothesis and treatment strategies.

    abstract::Research has shown that obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is related to structural and functional abnormalities in the brain, and several authors have organized these findings into theories of OCD neuropsychiatric dysfunction. In this paper, these theories were used to develop a neural network model of OCD. OCD symp...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1998)8:3<91::aid-da1>3.0.c

    authors: Ownby RL

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adolescent suicide attempts and adult adjustment.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Adolescent suicide attempts are disproportionally prevalent and frequently of low severity, raising questions regarding their long-term prognostic implications. In this study, we examined whether adolescent attempts were associated with impairments related to suicidality, psychopathology, and psychosocial fu...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.22296

    authors: Brière FN,Rohde P,Seeley JR,Klein D,Lewinsohn PM

    更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00

  • Is "shy bladder syndrome" a subtype of social anxiety disorder? A survey of people with paruresis.

    abstract::Paruresis is characterized by the fear of not being able to urinate in public bathrooms and has been classified by some to be a sub-type of social anxiety disorder (social phobia). Despite the existence of a consumer advocacy organization, the "Intentional Paruresis Association (www.paruresis.org)," there is sparse li...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.10061

    authors: Vythilingum B,Stein DJ,Soifer S

    更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00

  • Aripiprazole augmentation of incomplete treatment response in an adolescent male with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

    abstract::We report the case of adolescent male with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) who had an incomplete response to combined cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and sertraline before successful augmentation of CBT with aripiprazole. Standardized assessments indicated significant reductions in OCD symptomatology associated...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20303

    authors: Storch EA,Lehmkuhl H,Geffken GR,Touchton A,Murphy TK

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • Simple phobia as a comorbid anxiety disorder.

    abstract::This study sought to describe clinical and demographic characteristics differentiating patients with DSM-III-R simple phobias comorbid with one or more of five DSM-III-R index anxiety disorders as compared with those with the index diagnoses alone. From 711 subjects participating in a multicenter, longitudinal, natura...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:

    authors: Goisman RM,Allsworth J,Rogers MP,Warshaw MG,Goldenberg I,Vasile RG,Rodriguez-Villa F,Mallya G,Keller MB

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Physical health problems in depressed and nondepressed children and adolescents of parents with opiate dependence.

    abstract::The increased risk of physical health problems in adult depressed patients has been shown in numerous studies. A recent study of the offspring of depressed parents found similar associations. The purpose of this study is to examine the strength and specificity of the association between depression and physical health ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:

    authors: McAvay G,Nunes EV,Zaider TI,Goldstein RB,Weissman MM

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Adult mental health outcomes of adolescent depression: A systematic review.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Adolescent depression may increase risk for poor mental health outcomes in adulthood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the literature on the association between adolescent depression and adult anxiety and depressive disorders as well as suicidality. METHODS:EMBASE, MEDLINE, and PSYCi...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/da.22777

    authors: Johnson D,Dupuis G,Piche J,Clayborne Z,Colman I

    更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00

  • Genetics of anxiety disorders: the complex road from DSM to DNA.

    abstract::Anxiety disorders are among the most common psychiatric disorders, affecting one in four individuals over a lifetime. Although our understanding of the etiology of these disorders is incomplete, familial and genetic factors are established risk factors. However, identifying the specific casual genes has been difficult...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/da.20623

    authors: Smoller JW,Block SR,Young MM

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Duration of last depressive episode may influence serum BDNF levels in remitted patients with major depression.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may have an important role in the pathophysiology of depression. Previous studies indicate that serum BDNF levels were lower in patients with depression and increased after treatment with antidepressants. However, results of studies on serum BDNF levels in remitted pa...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.21933

    authors: Takebayashi N,Maeshima H,Baba H,Nakano Y,Satomura E,Kita Y,Namekawa Y,Nomoto H,Suzuki T,Arai H

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Generalizability of clinical trial results for generalized anxiety disorder to community samples.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been little research on the generalizability of clinical trials for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The present study examines the generalizability of pharmacological and psychotherapy clinical trials' results of individuals with DSM-IV GAD to a large community sample. METHODS:Data were drawn ...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.21937

    authors: Hoertel N,Le Strat Y,Blanco C,Lavaud P,Dubertret C

    更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00

  • Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of the clinical course of panic disorder: a 1-year follow-up study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:There is evidence that negative affect (NA) and anxiety sensitivity (AS) predict the development of anxiety disorders, particularly panic disorder (PD). The main purpose of this study was to examine whether NA and AS will also predict the clinical course of PD. METHODS:Participants were 136 individuals with...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/da.20423

    authors: Benítez CI,Shea MT,Raffa S,Rende R,Dyck IR,Ramsawh HJ,Edelen MO,Keller MB

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Tic disorders: some key issues for DSM-V.

    abstract::This study provides a focused review of issues that are relevant to the nosology of the tic disorders and presents preliminary recommendations to be considered for DSM-V. The recommended changes are designed to clarify and simplify the diagnostic criteria, reduce the use of the residual category, tic disorder not othe...

    journal_title:Depression and anxiety

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1002/da.20711

    authors: Walkup JT,Ferrão Y,Leckman JF,Stein DJ,Singer H

    更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00