René Couteaux (1909-1999) and the morphological identification of synapses.

Abstract:

:During a historical research, we realized that René Couteaux (1909-1999) was the first histologist who stained the postsynaptic structure of the neuromuscular junction. By means of Janus Green B dye, he revealed the membranous 'subneural apparatus' related to the 'synaptic gutter'. Hence, he justified the use of the physiological term 'synapse' in histology. A few years later, Couteaux localized acetylcholinesterase activity on this subneural apparatus with a histo-enzymatic method. The histochemical staining confirmed his histological observations that the subneural apparatus of the muscle cells was distinct from the nerve terminal. Thus Couteaux not only supported Cajal's neuron theory, but also gave decisive morphological basis to the concept of the synapse, thought to be up to that time a physiological entity. These observations were performed several years before the first electron microscopic data obtained in the U.S.A. When the electron microscopy became available in Europe, Couteaux studied the ultrastructural details of the myoneural synapse. He found evidence for the presynaptic 'active zone' as a restricted zone of the thickened presynaptic membrane flanked on both sides with synaptic vesicles, some of which were observed to be opening into the synaptic cleft by exocytosis. Furthermore, the synaptic vesicles were shown to be displayed in two rows along the linearly prolonged active zone which is situated just above the 'trench-like' junctional folds of the muscle membrane. The discontinuity of the synaptic structure was confirmed by the three-dimensional observation of the intraneuronal network of neurofibrils with the first prototype of high-voltage electron microscope.

journal_name

Biol Cell

journal_title

Biology of the cell

authors

Tsuji S

doi

10.1042/BC20050036

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-08-01 00:00:00

pages

503-9

issue

8

eissn

0248-4900

issn

1768-322X

pii

BC20050036

journal_volume

98

pub_type

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