Abstract:
:Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a powerful oxidant generated from H(2)O(2) and Cl(-) by the heme enzyme myeloperoxidase, which is released from activated leukocytes. HOCl possesses potent antibacterial properties, but excessive production can lead to host tissue damage that is implicated in a wide range of human diseases (e.g., atherosclerosis). Histamine and carnosine have been proposed as protective agents against such damage. However, as recent studies have shown that histidine-containing compounds readily form imidazole chloramines that can rapidly chlorinate other targets, it was hypothesized that similar reactions may occur with histamine and carnosine, leading to propagation, rather than prevention, of HOCl-mediated damage. In this study, the reactions of HOCl with histamine, histidine, carnosine, and other compounds containing imidazole and free amine sites were examined. In all cases, rapid formation (k, 1.6 x 10(5) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)) of imidazole chloramines was observed, followed by chlorine transfer to yield more stable, primary chloramines (R-NHCl). The rates of most of these secondary reactions are dependent upon substrate concentrations, consistent with intermolecular mechanisms (k, 10(3)-10(4) M(-)(1) s(-)(1)). However, for carnosine, the imidazole chloramine transfer rates are independent of the concentration, indicative of intramolecular processes (k, 0.6 s(-)(1)). High-performance liquid chromatography studies show that in all cases the resultant R-NHCl species can slowly chlorinate N-alpha-acetyl-Tyr. Thus, the current data indicate that the chloramines formed on the imidazole and free amine groups of these compounds can oxidize other target molecules but with limited efficiency, suggesting that histamine and particularly carnosine may be able to limit HOCl-mediated oxidation in vivo.
journal_name
Biochemistryjournal_title
Biochemistryauthors
Pattison DI,Davies MJdoi
10.1021/bi060348ssubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-07-04 00:00:00pages
8152-62issue
26eissn
0006-2960issn
1520-4995journal_volume
45pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
BIOCHEMISTRY文献大全abstract::For some hormone receptors, the early events of signal transduction depend on their molecular arrangement and interactions at the cell surface. An understanding of the mechanism of signal transduction in general needs a careful analysis of the receptor distribution. Here, we present the first quantitative measurement ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00124a004
更新日期:1992-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Ultrafast laser spectroscopy techniques are used to measure the low-frequency vibrational coherence spectra and nitric oxide rebinding kinetics of Caldariomyces fumago chloroperoxidase (CPO). Comparisons of the CPO coherence spectra with those of other heme species are made to gauge the protein-specific nature of the ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi7025485
更新日期:2008-05-06 00:00:00
abstract::Early studies involving purine salvage in Salmonella typhimurium resulted in the isolation and identification of a mutant strain possessing a genetically modified hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl-transferase (HPRT) with enhanced substrate specificity for guanine [Benson, C. E., and Gots, J. S. (1975) J. Bacteriol. 121, 77-...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi9720179
更新日期:1998-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) binding to calreticulin (CRT) on the cell surface signals focal adhesion disassembly, leading to the intermediate adhesive phenotype, cell migration, anoikis resistance, and collagen stimulation. Residues Lys 24 and 32 in TSP1 and amino acids 24-26 and 32-34 in CRT have been shown through bioch...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi101639y
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We measured the time course of skeletal muscle actin polymerization at different actin concentrations. In 0.1 M KCl with 1 mM Mg2+, log/log plots of the rate of the early, slow phase of polymerization vs. actin concentration were linear with slopes from 1.0 to 1.3. Computer-assisted calculations of similar curves from...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00278a021
更新日期:1983-04-26 00:00:00
abstract::Four antigenic regions of native bovine pancreatic ribonuclease have been located by using antibodies that react specifically with segments 1--13, 31--79, and 80--124. These antibodies were purified by affinity chromatography on columns to which these peptide segments were bound. Analysis of precipitin curves indicate...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00587a019
更新日期:1979-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Many lipases are potent catalysts of stereoselective reactions and are therefore of interest for use in chemical synthesis. The crystal structures of lipases show a large variation in the shapes of their active site environments that may explain the large variation in substrate specificity of these enzymes. We have de...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00051a035
更新日期:1995-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies showed that p34(SEI-1), also known as TRIP-Br1 or SEI-1, plays a dual role in the regulation of cell-cycle progression. It exhibits the transactivation activity and regulates a number of genes required for G1/S transition, while it also binds and activates cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) independent of...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi0504658
更新日期:2005-10-11 00:00:00
abstract::The DNA binding of three platinum(II) intercalation reagents has been studied and found to depend upon base composition, the nature of the intercalator, and the ionic strength of the solvent medium. In 0.2 M NaCl, binding data for calf thymus DNA show the association constants to be approximately 10(4) M-1. The bindin...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00593a003
更新日期:1979-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::During the past decade, there has been much debate about the enormous catalytic rate enhancement observed in enzymatic reactions involving carbanion intermediates. Our recent theoretical study has demonstrated the importance of the short strong hydrogen bond (SSHB) in the enzymatic reactions. Nevertheless, other recen...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi0255118
更新日期:2002-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::GPIbalpha is an integral membrane protein of the GPIb-IX-V complex found on the platelet surface that interacts with the A1 domain of von Willebrand factor (vWF-A1). The interaction of GPIbalpha with vWF-A1 under conditions of high shear stress is the first step in platelet-driven thrombus formation. Phage display was...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi702428q
更新日期:2008-04-22 00:00:00
abstract::Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reversibly transfers an acetyl group between CoA and the 3-hydroxyl of either chloramphenicol (Cm) or 1-acetylchloramphenicol (1AcCm). The products of the forward reactions, 3-acetylchloramphenicol (3-AcCm) and 1,3-diacetylchloramphenicol (1,3Ac2-Cm), are the substrates for the ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00199a003
更新日期:1994-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::A high molecular weight inert molecule, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), or a soluble protein, ovalbumin, causes parallel bundles of actin filaments in a crystalline-like structure under physiological conditions of ionic compositions and pH. The bundle formation depends on the molecular weight of PEG, and a larger molecul...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00441a052
更新日期:1989-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus NMR spectroscopy is an important technique for the investigation of metabolism in tissues and intact organisms (including man). However, quantitation of the signals from an NMR experiment is difficult because it is not known from which regions of a cell metabolites are detected. It is generally believed tha...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00439a003
更新日期:1989-06-27 00:00:00
abstract::(R)-N(delta)-(N'-Sulfodiaminophosphinyl)-L-ornithine (PSorn) is the active component of a phytotoxin, called phaseolotoxin, produced by Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola. PSorn acts as a potent transition state (TS) inhibitor of ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase, E.C. 2.1.3.3) that binds to the OTCase from Esc...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi047432x
更新日期:2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) from Clostridium thermoaceticum plays a central role in the newly discovered acetyl-CoA pathway [Wood, H.G., Ragsdale, S.W., & Pezacka, E. (1986) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39, 345-362]. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of acetyl-CoA from methyl, carbonyl, and CoA groups, and it has sp...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00417a045
更新日期:1988-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::Backbone amide dynamics of the Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor protein (WT-TrpR) and two functionally distinct variants, L75F-TrpR and A77V-TrpR, in their holo (l-tryptophan corepressor-bound) form have been characterized using (15)N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation. The three proteins possess very si...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi200389k
更新日期:2011-06-14 00:00:00
abstract::We detect internal water molecules in a membrane-embedded receptor-transducer complex and demonstrate water structure changes during formation of the signaling state. Time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy reveals stimulus-induced repositioning of one or more structurally active water molecules to a significantly more hydrop...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi802180a
更新日期:2009-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::Previous work has indicated that PEP mutase catalyzes the rearrangement of phosphoenolpyruvate to phosphonopyruvate by a dissociative mechanism. The crystal structure of the mutase with Mg(II) and sulfopyruvate (a phosphonopyruvate analogue) bound showed that the substrate is anchored to the active site by the Mg(II),...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi036255h
更新日期:2004-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Malate dehydrogenase occurs in virtually all eucaryotic cells in mitochondrial and cytoplasmic forms, both of which are composed of two identical subunits. The reactivation of the mitochondrial isoenzyme has been the subject of previous studies [Jaenicke, R., Rudolph, R., & Heider, I. (1979) Biochemistry 18, 1217-1223...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00355a033
更新日期:1986-04-08 00:00:00
abstract::Strong inward-rectifier K(+) (Kir) channels play a significant role in shaping the cardiac action potential: they help produce its long plateau and accelerate its rate of repolarization. Consequently, genetic deletion of the gene encoding the strongly rectifying K(+) channel IRK1 (Kir2.1) prolongs the cardiac action p...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi0483099
更新日期:2004-12-14 00:00:00
abstract::The structure of human epidermal growth factor (EGF, 53 amino acids) comprises three distinct loops (A, B, and C) connected correspondingly by the three native disulfide bonds, Cys(6)-Cys(20), Cys(14)-Cys(31), and Cys(33)-Cys(42). The connection of Cys(6) and Cys(20) forming the N-terminal A loop is essential for the ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi051399c
更新日期:2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::The side chains of histidine and aspartate residues form a hydrogen bond in the active sites of many enzymes. In serine proteases, the His...Asp hydrogen bond of the catalytic triad is known to contribute greatly to catalysis, perhaps via the formation of a low-barrier hydrogen bond. In bovine pancreatic ribonuclease ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi972766q
更新日期:1998-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrinogen (approximately 10(-5) M) labilizes heterologous interactions within the thrombin-modified factor XIII zymogen (i.e., XIII' = a2'b2) so that, in the time frame (ca. 10 min) of normal clotting in plasma (37 degrees C, mu = 0.15, pH 7.5), 1.5 mM Ca2+ is sufficient to cause the release of the noncatalytic b sub...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00516a016
更新日期:1981-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::6-Hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin pyrophosphokinase (HPPK) catalyzes the pyrophosphoryl transfer from ATP to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin (HP), the first reaction in the folate biosynthetic pathway. Arginine residues 82 and 92, strictly conserved in 35 HPPK sequences, play dynamic roles in the catalytic cycle of ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi0267994
更新日期:2003-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::To shed more light on the molecular requirements for recognition of thyroid response elements (TREs) by thyroid receptors (TRs), we compared the specific aspects of DNA TRE recognition by different TR constructs. Using fluorescence anisotropy, we performed a detailed and hierarchical study of TR-TRE binding. This was ...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi901282s
更新日期:2010-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::The occurrence of isozymes in plant peroxidases is poorly understood. Turnip roots contain seven season-dependent isoperoxidases with distinct physicochemical properties. In the work presented here, multifrequency electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to characterize the Compound I intermediate ob...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi002826j
更新日期:2001-06-12 00:00:00
abstract::Calpain-catalyzed proteolysis of II-spectrin is a regulated event associated with neuronal long-term potentiation, platelet and leukocyte activation, and other processes. Calpain proteolysis is also linked to apoptotic and nonapoptotic cell death following excessive glutamate exposure, hypoxia, HIV-gp120/160 exposure,...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi061504y
更新日期:2007-01-16 00:00:00
abstract::Kinetics studies of dNTP analogues having pyrophosphate-mimicking β,γ-pCXYp leaving groups with variable X and Y substitution reveal striking differences in the chemical transition-state energy for DNA polymerase β that depend on all aspects of base-pairing configurations, including whether the incoming dNTP is a puri...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi500101z
更新日期:2014-03-25 00:00:00
abstract::CO dehydrogenase from Clostridium thermoaceticum is a nickel-containing enzyme that catalyzes both the reversible conversion of CO2 to CO (for incorporation into the carbonyl group of acetate) and the synthesis of acetyl-CoA from methyl corrinoid, CO, and CoASH. The latter activity is conveniently assayed by monitorin...
journal_title:Biochemistry
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1021/bi00420a019
更新日期:1988-10-04 00:00:00