Abstract:
:The secretory pattern of GH secretion is markedly sexually dimorphic in the adult rat. The patterning of GH secretion is determined by the coordinated activity of somatostatin (SS)- and GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)-containing neurosecretory cells located in the hypothalamus. In this study we examined whether there is sexual dimorphism in the expression of the SS and GHRH genes and, if so, at what developmental stage this becomes evident. To address these questions, we measured SS messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in neurons of the periventricular nucleus and GHRH mRNA levels in the arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus in male and female rats at 10, 25, 35, and 75 days of age. Using in situ hybridization and a computerized image analysis system, we measured SS mRNA and GHRH mRNA signal levels in individual neurons and compared these levels among the different age groups. We found that male animals had significantly higher levels of SS mRNA than females at every age. Similarly, males had higher GHRH mRNA levels than females; however, this difference was statistically significant only at 10 and 75 days of age. Developmental changes in GHRH mRNA levels were similar for both sexes, with GHRH message levels increasing gradually over the course of maturation. SS mRNA signal levels also changed over the course of development in both male and female animals. In the male rat, SS mRNA levels increased significantly between 10 and 25 days of age and declined significantly between 35 and 75 days of age. In the female rat, SS mRNA levels increased gradually between 10 and 35 days of age, then, as in the male, declined significantly between days 35 and 75. We conclude that sex differences and age-dependent changes in the expression of the SS and GHRH genes may subserve the sexual dimorphism and developmental alterations in the pattern of GH secretion in the rat.
journal_name
Endocrinologyjournal_title
Endocrinologyauthors
Argente J,Chowen JA,Zeitler P,Clifton DK,Steiner RAdoi
10.1210/endo-128-5-2369subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-05-01 00:00:00pages
2369-75issue
5eissn
0013-7227issn
1945-7170journal_volume
128pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
ENDOCRINOLOGY文献大全abstract::GH treatment increases protein deposition and the efficiency of dietary protein used for growth. To identify the mechanisms that regulate tissue protein synthesis in response to exogenous GH treatment, fully fed, growing swine were treated with GH for 7 d. Fasted and fed pigs were infused with [1-(13)C]leucine to dete...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2002-220983
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adult Leydig cells are derived from proliferating stem/progenitor Leydig cells in the infant testis and subsequent differentiation to steroidogenic cells in adult mice. Leydig cell proliferation in the infant testis occurs primarily in response to increased levels of LH that induce Leydig cell expression of neuregulin...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2016-1478
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differentiation of endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation. Our previous studies in the mouse have shown that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), a morphogen belonging to the TGFβ superfamily, is essential for this differentiation process. BMP2 is markedly in...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2012-1585
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homeostatic control of endocrine systems proceeds via feedforward (agonistic, stimulatory) and feedback (antagonistic, inhibitory) interactions mediated via implicit dose-response functions. However, neither the feedback/feedforward pathways nor the dose-response interfaces are directly observed in vivo. Thus, the goa...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2011-1461
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to now, no relevant tumor antigen has been identified in medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). The aim of the present study was to prove the concept of an immunization with an amino acid-modified calcitonin (CT) for the treatment of MTC in a transgenic mouse model. Amino acid-modified (human) CT has been chosen for va...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2008-0631
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signals that regulate cardiac myocyte maturation in the neonatal heart are not completely understood. In our study we examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] on primary cultures of ventricular myocytes isolated from neonatal rat hearts. Our data show that 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited an increase ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.136.2.7835280
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study, we have investigated the cellular mechanisms of androgen-induced antral follicular growth arrest and the possible involvement of chemerin and its receptor chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) in this process, using a chronically androgenized rat model. We hypothesize that hyperandrogenism induces a...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2013-1001
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), highly expressed in the hippocampus, binds corticosteroid hormones and coordinately participates, with the glucocorticoid receptor, to the control of stress responses, memorization, and behavior. To investigate the impact of MR in neuronal survival, we generated murine embryonic stem (...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2011-1436
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since specific binding to receptors and biological effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are demonstrable soon after the neural tube closes and organogenesis begins in the chick embryo, in the present study we have analyzed the structural characteristics and specificity of the receptors for insulin...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-121-4-1468
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study of epigenetics allows for the understanding of gene × environmental interactions and provides a mechanism by which brief internal or external environmental changes can shape lasting differences in gene function and behavior. Epigenetic processes appear to impact a wide variety of physiological processes with...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1210/en.2010-0793
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::High fat feeding is associated with impaired insulin action, an obese body composition, and down-regulation of glucose transporter-4 (GLUT4) expression in adipocytes. We recently showed that overexpression of GLUT4 selectively in adipocytes of transgenic mice using the aP2 (fatty acid-binding protein) promoter/enhance...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.136.3.7867610
更新日期:1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::These studies have examined the ontogeny of specific GH- and PRL-binding proteins in rabbit liver cytosol across the fetal, early neonatal, and adult periods. The precise hormonal specificity of binding of the somatotropic/lactogenic ligand, [125I]human GH, was determined by displacement with monoclonal antibodies aga...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-125-1-516
更新日期:1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined whether mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase was activated by stimulation of the cAMP pathway and whether MAP kinase activation was involved in synthesis of PRL and GH in GH(3) cells. Treatment of the cells with a cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)cAMP (CPT-cAMP), activated MAP kinase and increased PRL ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.142.7.8226
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In previous work we showed that the chondrodysplastic phenotype of mice homozygous for a null mutation of the PTH-related peptide (PTHrP) gene was due in part to reduced proliferation and aberrant differentiation of growth plate chondrocytes. In the present study we have extended those observations by examining chondr...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.137.11.8895380
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::For 3 yr, 1-yr synchronized circannual rhythms were found for the chick oviduct weights, amounts of soluble protein, concentrations of the progesterone receptor in this organ, and capacity of this steroid-receptor complex in cytosol in bind in vitro to deoxyribonucleoprotein acceptor sites. By fitting the data with 1-...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-107-4-1234
更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The rat prostate is dependent on androgen for normal growth and differentiation. In addition, the organ undergoes rapid cell death upon withdrawal of androgen on castration, and the atrophied tissue is capable of regrowth after androgen replacement in adult animals. In our search for novel factor(s) that participate i...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.141.9.7685
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A variety of chronic stress paradigms have been shown to increase basal activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis, resulting in hypercorticoidism. Despite this, chronically stressed rats typically exhibit facilitated ACTH responses to acute novel stress, suggesting that the activity of some central ne...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243290
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The paucity of clinical and preclinical studies investigating sex differences in sleep has resulted in mixed findings as to the exact nature of these differences. Although gonadal steroids are known to modulate sleep in females, less is known about males. Moreover, little evidence exists concerning the origin of these...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2013-1624
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present investigation was undertaken to examine the possible role of cAMP in PTH-stimulated prostaglandin (PG) production in organ cultures of neonatal mouse parietal bones. Cultures were treated with PTH, forskolin, isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX), and 8-bromo-cAMP (8BrcAMP). We found that similar concentrations of...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-126-2-1070
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although atrial and brain natriuretic peptides are well known to be involved in the regulation of cardiovascular and endocrine functions as circulating hormones, the roles of the C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) remain unknown. We examined the effects of CNP on the secretion of aldosterone and cyclic nucleotides from ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.137.1.8536640
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Germ cells were isolated from 30-day-old rat testes and purified by a Percoll gradient. Germ cells were cultured for 24 h to eliminate contaminant cells by utilizing the property of many nongerm cells of attaching to plastic surfaces. Germ cells were subsequently seeded on top of 7-day-old Sertoli cell monolayers. RNA...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-117-5-1796
更新日期:1985-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sclerostin (SOST), a member of the cystine-knot superfamily, is essential for proper skeletogenesis because a loss-of-function mutation in the SOST gene results in sclerosteosis featured with massive bone growth in humans. To understand the function of SOST in developmental skeletal tissue formation, we examined SOST ...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2003-1492
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estrogen-responsive uterine proenzyme of a proteinase in the immature rat uterus has been known for some time. Its mol wt is 77,000, its N-terminal amino acid sequence is the same as prothrombin's for 15 residues, it contains gamma-carboxyl glutamate residues, its biosynthesis is prevented by warfarin, it cross-rea...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-126-1-167
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antigenic epitopes of human GH (hGH) have been investigated using monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to hGH. A panel of 12 Mabs was incorporated into two-site binding assays in order to investigate the antigenic surface of hGH. Nine reaction patterns were observed. The Mabs were further characterized in terms of their c...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-124-3-1548
更新日期:1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photoaffinity labeling with underivatized T3 was used to identify T3-binding proteins in the membrane of rat erythrocytes. UV irradiation of ghosts and peripheral protein-depleted membranes in the presence of [125I]T3 resulted in the covalent attachment of 125I to membrane proteins (analyzed by polyacrylamide gel elec...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo.132.6.8504750
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors, is activated by aldosterone and mediates its natriferic action in tight epithelia. MR is also expressed in nonepithelial tissues. Importantly, it mediates the deleterious effects of inappropriately high aldoster...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2012-1210
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously reported that TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis of lactotropes is estrogen dependent and predominant at proestrus. Here we observed that TNF-alpha (50 ng/ml) failed to induce apoptosis of anterior pituitary cells from ovariectomized rats cultured in the presence of progesterone (10(-6) m). However, progesteron...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2004-1276
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of the human brain insulin receptor raise the possibility that some of the differences described between rat brain insulin receptors and rat liver insulin receptors may have been due to the presence of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptors in the brain. This study details side by side compariso...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-122-5-1933
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently identified a novel hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulating GH release in bullfrogs and termed it frog GH-releasing peptide (fGRP). The fGRP precursor encodes fGRP and its related peptides (fGRP-RP-1, -RP-2, and -RP-3), and fGRP-RP-2 also stimulates GH and prolactin (PRL) release. Cell bodies and terminals co...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/en.2007-1427
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have developed a highly sensitive and specific RIA for propylthiouracil (PTU) which uses 125I-labeled PTU as the radioactive ligand. At a final antibody dilution of 1:10,000, the detection limit for PTU was 100 pg; cross-reactivity with circulating, urinary, and intrathyroid PTU metabolites was negligible. Using th...
journal_title:Endocrinology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1210/endo-113-3-915
更新日期:1983-09-01 00:00:00