The surgical and cytopathology of viral infections: utility of immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and in situ polymerase chain reaction amplification.

Abstract:

:The diagnosis of viral infections is an important part of the daily work of a surgical and cytopathologist. Some viral infections, such as human papillomavirus infection of the lower genital tract, are seen commonly, whereas others, such as fatal enteroviral infection, cannot be diagnosed on routine histological examination and need to be addressed within the clinical context. In general, viral infections are best categorized for the surgical pathologist as low copy/RNA viruses and high copy/DNA viruses. In the latter, viral DNA enters the nucleus, undergoes rapid proliferation, and causes certain cytopathologic changes characteristic of the infection. Immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization yields an intense signal, reflective of the productive infection. In comparison, RNA viruses typically do not show high copy numbers and, although they can induce characteristic cytopathologic changes such as inclusions, often times they do not. In such cases, immunohistochemistry and/or in situ-based hybridization methods, particularly in situ polymerase chain reaction amplification, may be required for a definitive diagnosis. A combination of routine histopathology, clinical information, and immunohistochemistry/in situ-based nucleic acid detection methodologies will allow the surgical pathologist to correctly diagnose viral infections.

journal_name

Ann Diagn Pathol

authors

Nuovo GJ

doi

10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2006.02.003

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-04-01 00:00:00

pages

117-31

issue

2

eissn

1092-9134

issn

1532-8198

pii

S1092-9134(06)00005-0

journal_volume

10

pub_type

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