Abstract：
OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study is to measure the accessibility to purchase oral and transdermal contraceptives over the Internet for low- and high-risk individuals. METHODS:The Internet was used to search for and order both oral and transdermal contraceptives. Using the "Google" search engine to locate online pharmacies by entering the term "purchase contraception," we proceeded to purchase either oral contraceptives or contraceptive patches without a prescription. We first posed as a healthy 25-year-old woman, then as a 35-year-old woman who was obese and a heavy tobacco user, and finally, as a 35-year-old smoker on an antihypertensive medication. RESULTS:Our attempts to order both combination oral contraceptives, as well as contraceptive patches, over the Internet without a prescription were successful for all three risk profiles. We ordered from three different Web sites, two within the United States and one international site. The two U.S. Web sites required us to complete a medical questionnaire to obtain a prescription from the site provider, but the foreign site had no questionnaire or risk information posted on the Web site. Despite entering known risk factors for estrogen use, we received all the medications. There was no medical follow-up to these sales except for offers to sell more products. CONCLUSIONS:Both oral and transdermal contraceptives are easy to obtain over the Internet without a physical appointment with a health care provider to obtain a prescription.
journal_name
Contraceptionjournal_title
Contraceptionauthors
Memmel LM,Miller L,Gardner Jdoi
10.1016/j.contraception.2005.10.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-04-01 00:00:00pages
372-5issue
4eissn
0010-7824issn
1879-0518pii
S0010-7824(05)00399-9journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
CONTRACEPTION文献大全abstract：OBJECTIVE:We sought to qualitatively understand patients' experiences with digoxin as a step before dilation and evacuation (D&E). STUDY DESIGN:We recruited English-speaking women from one abortion health center where digoxin is routinely used before D&E. We interviewed participants one to three weeks after the D&E ab...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2018.02.004
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ability of the condom wall to maintain its integrity throughout sexual intercourse is critical to its role in halting the spread of major sexually transmissible pathogens including the human immunodeficiency virus. There are three principal in vitro performance tests applied to condoms: a test for freedom from hol...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(91)90045-h
更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The comparative in vitro spermicidal effects of (+)-gossypol, (-)-gossypol and (+/-)-gossypol were evaluated on the spermatozoa of human, monkey, rabbit, mouse, rat and hamster. The spermicidal effects of gossypol isomers were also compared with those of gossypolone, which is a proposed major metabolite of gossypol. G...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(84)90088-x
更新日期：1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of two doses of norethisterone (5mg and 3mg) used as a 'visiting pill' were investigated. There were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetics of the two doses except for the peak concentration achieved and the bioavailability as assessed by the area under the ...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(86)90008-9
更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective of the study was to determine if delivery and lactation are risk factors for complete intrauterine device perforations. STUDY DESIGN:We performed a reanalysis of the European Active Surveillance Study on Intra-Uterine Devices data set using complete penetration of the myometrium as the definiti...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2017.03.007
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To compare time from misoprostol initiation to fetal expulsion for mifepristone-misoprostol versus misoprostol-alone regimens of medication abortion performed at ≥24 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN:We conducted a retrospective study of medication abortion performed at ≥24 weeks' gestation between May 2016 and...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2020.05.001
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The benefits of social support in post-surgical recovery are well documented; social support decreases preoperative stress and postoperative recovery time. However, a paucity of studies have examined the effect of social support in the context of pregnancy termination. This study is the first to examine the ...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2010.07.019
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Saponins isolated from Sapindus mukorossi have potent spermicidal activity. Morphological changes in human ejaculated spermatozoa after exposure to these saponins were evaluated under Scanning Electron Microscope. The minimum effective concentration (0.05% in spot test) did not affect the surface topography after expo...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(89)90111-x
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eighty-four Chinese patients attending the Family Planning Association of Hong Kong for contraception with oral contraceptive pills were randomized into 2 groups. The first group received pills containing 0.15 mg levonorgestrel and 0.03 mg ethinyl oestradiol. The second group received pills containing 0.15 mg desogest...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(90)90126-g
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A cross-sectional descriptive study on knowledge, attitudes, and practice about emergency contraception (EC) was conducted among nurses and nursing students using a self-administered questionnaire. One-hundred-sixty-seven qualified nurses and 63 nursing students completed the questionnaire. Over 95% listed at least on...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00023-2
更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a prospective, randomised dose-finding study involving 60 women scheduled for termination of 1st trimester pregnancy, 25 micrograms, 50 micrograms or 100 micrograms of a sulprostone gel with a constant injection volume of 2.5 ml were applied intracervically 6-8 hours before curettage. The gelatinising agent was Plu...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(85)90091-5
更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This double-blind randomized control study was conducted to evaluate whether a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) could act as an effective pain control method during first trimester suction abortion, and whether co-treatment of NSAID with misoprostol will decrease the efficacy of the cervical ripening effect...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00437-7
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sixteen proteinase inhibitors were tested for their ability to compete with the natural seminal inhibitor for binding to the surface of murine epididymal sperm. The most effective competitors, 4-methylumbelliferyl-p-quanidinobenzoate (MUGB) and p-nitrophenyl-p-guanidinobenzoate (NPGB), are also effective inhibitors of...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(85)90032-0
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The study was undertaken to determine the side effects, including depression, of oral contraceptives (OCs) in adolescent girls. METHODS:We conducted a randomized trial of OCs for dysmenorrhea, which assessed side effects and depression. Seventy-six adolescents received an OC (20 microg of ethinyl estradiol/1...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2006.09.008
更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was undertaken with a view to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of antifertility action of gossypol acetate in rats and hamsters. Adult male rats were treated by gavage with 30 mg/kg/day of gossypol for 7 weeks and adult male hamsters were treated similarly with 20 mg/kg/day gossypol for 8 weeks. The tr...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(89)90066-8
更新日期：1989-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large introductory study of Cyclofem, a once-a-month injectable contraceptive, was conducted in three Mexican provinces. A total of 3457 healthy women participated: 640 women from rural areas (community-based component) and 2817 women from urban and suburban areas (health center-based component). A total of 20,316 w...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00062-6
更新日期：1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Jordan has a robust contraceptive method mix in both the public and private sectors and oral contraceptive pills and the copper-T intrauterine device are widely available. However, Jordan remains one of only a few countries in the world without a registered dedicated product for emergency contraception (EC)....
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2019.10.002
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oral contraceptives are in widespread use, and are commonly prescribed for contraception in patients taking other medications. An example of this is the concomitant use of oral contraceptives and anticonvulsants in epileptic patients. This combination creates a potential for drug interactions which may alter the effic...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(85)90062-9
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Higher rates of unwanted pregnancies and lower rates of contraceptive use have been reported among Hispanic women than among non-Hispanic whites. Despite these differences, it is unclear how these groups differ with respect to various psychosocial factors that are associated with contraceptive decision makin...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2006.02.010
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As part of a 60-week, open-label, nonrandomized, parallel, controlled study comparing a monthly contraceptive injection containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) 25 mg and estradiol cypionate (E(2)C) 5 mg (Lunelle Monthly Contraceptive Injection) and a norethindrone 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 mg/0.035 mg ethinyl estradiol (NET...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(99)00114-6
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the contraceptive performance of the 52-mg 20 μg/day levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS, Mirena; Bayer Oy, Turku, Finland) among women who maintain the same device without changes after 60 months. STUDY DESIGN:This is a chart review study in which we assessed the charts of 766 wo...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2017.10.007
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Including support staff in practice change initiatives is a promising strategy to successfully implement new reproductive health services. The Resident Training Initiative in Miscarriage Management (RTI-MM) is an intervention designed to facilitate implementation of manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) for managem...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2013.06.007
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Condoms from five manufacturers were subjected to controlled exposures of heat, humidity, and air and to different natural environments in five countries. Under aerobic conditions (condoms in permeable packages or unpackaged), stress properties declined. The relationship between rate of decline as a function of temper...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(96)00041-8
更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To evaluate a potential bias between methods of birth control used and prescribed by physicians, we surveyed sexually active female physicians in regards to their own methods of birth control. When the contraceptive practices of female physicians are compared to those of the general population, no difference in use of...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(86)80001-4
更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use and the experience of depressive symptoms among a representative sample of young Australian women. METHODS:The study sample comes from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health. Analysis was confined t...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2006.08.002
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the initial safety and effectiveness of the intrauterine ball (IUB), a copper intrauterine device that, upon insertion in the uterus, takes a three-dimensional spherical form. STUDY DESIGN:Fifteen women were followed for 1 year, with follow-up visits at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. RESULTS:The phys...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2013.10.017
更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Subcutaneously administered implant-D containing 40 mg of Norethindrone acetate in a single silastic implant was offered to 79 subjects who desired spacing of their family. The effect of constant release of steroid from this device on metabolic and endocrine functions was studied. Each subject in the pretreatment stat...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(79)80026-8
更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:After more than a century of reliance on latex condoms, male condoms fabricated from new materials are finally becoming commercially available to consumers. This study was an open label acceptability study that compared three lubricated condom products during vaginal intercourse: a natural rubber latex condom, a polyu...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00119-0
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The objective was to describe the efficacy of medical abortion using mifepristone and misoprostol for gestations less than 6 weeks. STUDY DESIGN:We searched PubMed and Cochrane databases for articles in any language that examined the success of mifepristone and misoprostol abortion at gestational ages <42 da...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.contraception.2017.09.006
更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study compares NORPLANT subdermal implants acceptors enrolled randomly for two different insertion procedures. One group (420 women) received the implants with the use of a scalpel according to the manufacturer's instructions. The other group (423 women) received the implant without an incision, directly through a...
journal_title：Contraception
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/0010-7824(91)90013-6
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
