Abstract:
:Low albumin levels have been associated with HIV progression. The objective of this analysis was to confirm this association and to further examine the effect of albumin before and after HIV seroconversion on disease progression. The association was first examined among individuals already infected with HIV at entry into a community-based cohort (n = 453) and further assessed among HIV seroconverters with albumin concentrations measured after (n = 219) and before seroconversion (n = 138). The prognostic effect of albumin on AIDS, AIDS mortality, and all-cause mortality was examined using Cox regression. Among 453 HIV-infected individuals, albumin <35 g/liter was associated with faster progression to AIDS [adjusted relative hazard (ARH), 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-2.8], AIDS mortality (ARH, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3-3.8), and all-cause mortality (ARH, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6-3.5). Analyses restricted to HIV seroconverters were similar. Preseroconversion levels of albumin did not predict outcomes, but HIV seroconversion appeared to lower albumin levels. These data show that albumin <35 g/liter after HIV seroconversion is associated with faster HIV disease progression and suggest that low albumin levels are probably a consequence of HIV infection rather than merely reflective of some individuals inherently having low albumin levels.
journal_name
AIDS Res Hum Retrovirusesjournal_title
AIDS research and human retrovirusesauthors
Mehta SH,Astemborski J,Sterling TR,Thomas DL,Vlahov Ddoi
10.1089/aid.2006.22.14subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-01-01 00:00:00pages
14-21issue
1eissn
0889-2229issn
1931-8405journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract::A comparative study at the genomic and protein level was performed between two immunologically related spumaretroviruses, the human HSRV and the simian SFV6. Cross immunoprecipitation analysis with specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera indicates shared antigenic determinants. However, restriction analysis of the...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1990.6.951
更新日期:1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of transmitted drug-resistant HIV-1 (TDR) at the time of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is associated with failure to achieve viral load suppression. Rates of TDR in ART-naive patients have been reported from various parts of the world through ongoing national, regional, and global evaluations; h...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0386
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, is thought to bind to T4+ (CD4+) target cells through the heavily glycosylated gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Plant lectins bind glycoproteins through noncovalent interaction with specific hexose residues; therefore, lectins were evaluated for their ab...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1987.3.265
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cellular adhesion molecules, such as ICAM-1, -2, and -3; LFA-1; and HLA class I and II are incorporated into HIV-1 virions during budding from infected cells. These virion-associated molecules can be involved in the adsorption to susceptible cells displaying the corresponding counterligands. A number of cytokines have...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1995.11.547
更新日期:1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The relative importance of routes of transmission of human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Guinea-Bissau is largely unknown; vertical transmission is thought to be important, but there are very few existing data. We aimed to examine factors associated with transmission in mothers and children in Guinea-Bi...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2011.0219
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The dichotomous effects of the protein kinase C (PKC) modulatory compounds 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), prostratin, and ingenol 3-angelate (I3A) on HIV-1 infection were investigated. PKC modulatory compounds were shown to be potent activators of cells latently infected with HIV-1 (I3A > prostratin). Conversely, PKC ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2006.22.854
更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lymphoid tissues are the focus of critical events in HIV pathogenesis. Persistent and high levels of virus production, extensive trapping of virus particles in germinal centers, and progressive degenerative changes in lymph node architecture are characteristics of progressive HIV-1 infection. Infiltrates of granzyme B...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922299311330
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nucleotide sequences for long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, the protease gene, and pol of a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) isolate of probable Caribbean origin (HTLV-1CH) and a Zairian isolate (HTLV-1EL) were determined providing complete proviral sequences for these isolates. These sequences were compared w...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.923
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific antibodies was examined in plasma and cervicovaginal (mucosal) samples of 24 HIV-exposed uninfected (EU) female sexual partners of HIV-infected men, and compared with findings in 18 HIV-infected and 15 low-risk HIV-uninfected women. Only HIV-infected women ha...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/08892220152741388
更新日期:2001-12-10 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates differ in their use of coreceptors to enter target cells. This has important implications for both viral pathogenicity and susceptibility to entry inhibitors, recently approved or under development. Predicting HIV-1 coreceptor usage on the basis of sequence informat...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0039
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of different HIV-1 subtypes in Spain varies by geographic region. In the present study isolates were collected from 72 newly diagnosed individuals in western Andalucia from 2004 to 2006. Viral sequences were amplified and the subtype diversity and prevalence of resistance mutations in the reverse transc...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2008.0051
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::HIV-1 genital shedding is associated with increased HIV-1 transmission risk. Inflammation and ulceration are associated with increased shedding, while highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been shown to have a protective effect. We sought to examine the impact of cervical biopsies, a routine component of ce...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2012.0341
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has resulted in a dramatic reduction in AIDS-related morbidity and mortality. However, the emergence and spread of antiretroviral drug resistance (DR) threaten to negatively impact treatment regimens and compromise efforts to control the epidemic. It is recommended that sur...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2015.0039
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Despite repeated exposures to HIV-1, some individuals remain seronegative. This study reports that sera from a fraction of exposed seronegative (ESN) subjects showed HIV-neutralizing activity; 5 of 17 ESN sera and none of 17 controls neutralized two different HIV-1 primary isolates (range of neutralizing titers: 1/20 ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200309458
更新日期:2000-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::The HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) can be stabilized by the introduction of a disulfide bond between the gp120 and gp41 subunits. The resulting protein is monomeric, but trimerization can be improved by the introduction of a single helix-breaking residue at the conserved Ile559 site in the N-terminal heptad...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/0889222041524544
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elderly people living with HIV are increasing. At present in the United States, nearly half of newly diagnosed HIV-infected people are aged >50 years. Diagnosis and treatment of HIV-infected elderly patients tends to be delayed by several health care factors as several life-threatening diseases are common in elderly p...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2019.0098
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The expression of HLA class I antigens is downregulated in CD4+ T cells following in vitro HIV-1 infection. We determined whether the expression of HLA class I antigens is downmodulated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) of HIV-1-positive subjects and whether this defect correlates with disease progression. A coho...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1997.13.1509
更新日期:1997-11-20 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) proviral DNA sequences in the 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) were examined among 28 drug-naive individuals. Twenty-four subjects had highly conserved LTR sequences, however, more significant changes were observed in the remaining four LTR sequences. These included a 9-bp dele...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2004.20.1019
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::A sequence of four amino acid residues amino-terminal to the only intramolecular disulphide bond of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmembrane protein gp41 is recognized by an anti-idiotypic antibody (9G5A) raised against another monoclonal antibody (M38), which recognizes the C5 region of gp120. 9G...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1993.9.33
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The measurement of antiretroviral concentrations in hair is emerging as an important technology to objectively quantify adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy. Hair levels of antiretrovirals are the strongest independent predictor of virologic success in large prospective cohorts of HIV-infected patients and ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2013.0239
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::For a HIV vaccine to be effective, it will be essential that it protect against the virus variants to which individuals are most frequently exposed. HIV-1 is predominantly a sexually acquired virus, thus, variants in genital secretions are a potentially important reservoir of viruses that are transmitted. Because ther...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.1996.12.107
更新日期:1996-01-20 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies suggest that natural killer T (NKT) cells play a role in early antiviral pathogenesis and are rapidly depleted in chronic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade B infection. We aimed to characterize the phenotypic and functional characteristics of NKT cells in HIV-1 clade C-infected Africans ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2010.0237
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the HIV-1 molecular epidemiology among young people (18 to 25 years old) in Hangzhou. Plasma samples from 262 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients were collected between 2009 and 2013 from Hangzhou of Zhejiang province. HIV-1 nucleotide sequences of pol gene regions were amplified using a nested poly...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2016.0117
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The presence of mutations associated with integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance among INI-naive patients may play an important clinical role in the use of those drugs Samples from 76 HIV-1-infected subjects naive to INIs were submitted to direct sequencing. No differences were found between naive (25%) subjects and sub...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2009.0179
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in emergence of HIV resistance between subtypes B and C in vitro and potential implications on tenofovir alafenamide efficacy in vivo were evaluated. Dose escalation resistance selections showed K65R emerging earlier for subtype C viruses in vitro, as previously reported. Viral breakthrough experiments at ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/AID.2017.0248
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have determined that polymeric IgA in saliva of HIV-1-uninfected individuals binds in varying degrees to components of culture supernatants containing HIV-1 recombinant proteins when ELISA is used for the determination. This finding did not extend to salivary IgG antibodies. Further, such problems were not encounte...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922200309016
更新日期:2000-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Current methods to detect intraclade HIV dual infection are poorly suited for determining its prevalence in large cohorts. To investigate the potential of ultra-deep sequencing to screen for dual infection, we compared it to bulk sequence-based synonymous mixture index and the current standard of single genome sequenc...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2010.0042
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical significance of the reduced in vitro susceptibility of HIV to antiretroviral agents has been difficult to elucidate for nucleoside analogs such as zidovudine. However, the virological significance of resistance to nevirapine and other HIV-1-specific reverse transcriptase inhibitors has been established. W...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1089/aid.1994.10.901
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To better understand the emergence of HIV-1 variants in Barbados and the association with transmission modes, we analyzed phylogenetic relationships and genetic variability among HIV-1 strains collected in 1996 from 36 antiretroviral therapy-naive patients. Only subtype B variants were present in this sampling, based ...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/088922203764969519
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been linked to an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition and transmission in observational studies, but the underlying biological mechanisms are unknown. We measured biomarkers of subclinical vaginal inflammation, endogenous antimicrobial activity, and vaginal flo...
journal_title:AIDS research and human retroviruses
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/aid.2015.0006
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00