A comparison of shoulder joint forces during ambulation with crutches versus a walker in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury.

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE:To compare 3-dimensional (3D) shoulder joint reaction forces and stride characteristics during bilateral forearm crutches and front-wheeled walker ambulation in persons with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN:Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING:Biomechanics laboratory. PARTICIPANTS:Fourteen adult volunteers with incomplete SCI recruited from outpatient rehabilitation hospital services. INTERVENTIONS:Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Peak force, rate of loading, and force-time integral were compared for each component of the net 3D shoulder joint reaction force during ambulation with crutches and a walker. Stride characteristics were also compared between assistive device conditions. RESULTS:The largest weight-bearing force was superiorly directed, followed by the posterior force. The superior joint force demonstrated a significantly higher peak and rate of loading during crutch walking (48.9N and 311.6N/s, respectively, vs 45.3N and 199.8N/s, respectively). The largest non-weight-bearing force was inferiorly directed with a significantly greater peak occurring during crutch ambulation (43.2N vs 23.6N during walker gait). Walking velocity and cadence were similar; however, stride length was significantly greater during crutch walking (62% vs 58% of normal). CONCLUSIONS:Shoulder joint forces during assisted ambulation were large. Crutch use increased the superior force but did not increase walking velocity.

journal_name

Arch Phys Med Rehabil

authors

Haubert LL,Gutierrez DD,Newsam CJ,Gronley JK,Mulroy SJ,Perry J

doi

10.1016/j.apmr.2005.07.311

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2006-01-01 00:00:00

pages

63-70

issue

1

eissn

0003-9993

issn

1532-821X

pii

S0003-9993(05)01137-8

journal_volume

87

pub_type

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