Abstract：
:Intelligent behaviour, even in humans, is an aspect of complex adaptive behaviour that provides a capacity for problem solving. This article assesses whether plants have a capacity to solve problems and, therefore, could be classified as intelligent organisms. The complex molecular network that is found in every plant cell and underpins plant behaviour is described. The problems that many plants face and that need solution are briefly outlined, and some of the kinds of behaviour used to solve these problems are discussed. A simple way of comparing plant intelligence between two genotypes is illustrated and some of the objections raised against the idea of plant intelligence are considered but discarded. It is concluded that plants exhibit the simple forms of behaviour that neuroscientists describe as basic intelligence.
journal_name
Trends Plant Scijournal_title
Trends in plant scienceauthors
Trewavas Adoi
10.1016/j.tplants.2005.07.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-09-01 00:00:00pages
413-9issue
9eissn
1360-1385issn
1878-4372pii
S1360-1385(05)00171-8journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Signal transduction and enzyme regulation are known to occur via phosphorylation, but it is becoming increasingly apparent that phosphorylation might be only a necessary preamble to regulation. In many cases, the phosphorylated target protein must associate with a specialized adapter protein, known as 14-3-3, to compl...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(99)01462-4
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A recent study reports partner manipulation for an interaction that was considered a reward-for-defence mutualism. Secretions of lycaenid caterpillars altered ant locomotion and aggressiveness, likely by manipulating dopaminergic signalling. This study opens the question whether such manipulation is common and whether...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2015.08.001
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of several lesion mimic mutants (LMM) that misregulate cell death constitutes a powerful tool to unravel programmed cell death (PCD) pathways in plants, particularly the hypersensitive response (HR), a form of PCD associated with resistance to pathogens. Recently, the characterization of novel LMM h...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S1360-1385(03)00108-0
更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Computational models are invaluable tools for understanding the hormonal and genetic control of root development. Thus far, models have focused on the crucial roles that auxin transport and metabolism play in determining the auxin signaling gradient that controls the root meristem. Other hormones such as cytokinins, g...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In spite of the large yield losses that weeds inflict on crops, we know little about the genomics of economically important weed species. Comparative genomics between plant model species and weeds, map-based approaches, genomic sequencing and functional genomics can play vital roles in understanding and dissecting wee...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2004.06.003
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The isolation of over 30 plant disease-resistance genes revealed that most genes encode putatively cytoplasmic proteins with a nucleotide-binding site (NBS) and a leucine-rich repeat (LRR). However, the recent isolation of the Arabidopsis RRS1-R gene has uncovered a novel NBS-LRR subtype that harbors a C-terminal exte...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 新闻
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02334-8
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand how DNA sequence is translated to phenotype we must understand the epigenetic features that regulate gene expression. Recent research illuminates the complex interactions between DNA methylation, small RNAs, silencing of transposable elements, and genomic imprinting in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thalia...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2010.01.002
更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The formation of specialized metabolites enables plants to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses, but requires the sequential action of multiple enzymes. To facilitate swift production and to avoid leakage of potentially toxic and labile intermediates, many of the biosynthetic pathways are thought to organize in mult...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2014.11.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The members of the pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) family are among the most abundantly produced proteins in plants on pathogen attack, and PR-1 gene expression has long been used as a marker for salicylic acid-mediated disease resistance. However, despite considerable interest over several decades, their requir...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2017.06.013
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as gene regulators has led to a paradigm shift in the understanding of post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants and animals. miRNAs have emerged as master regulators of plant growth and development. Evidence suggesting that miRNAs play a role in plant stress responses arises f...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2012.01.010
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transition to flowering is a major developmental switch in the life cycle of plants. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), chromatin mechanisms play critical roles in flowering-time regulation through the expression control of key flowering-regulatory genes. Various conserved chromatin modifiers, plant-specific f...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2012.05.001
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have witnessed the genomic decoding of a wide range of photosynthetic organisms from the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and the complex genomes of important crop species to single-celled marine phytoplankton. The comparative sequencing of green, red and brown algae has provided considerable insight into...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2012.02.005
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotenoids are a diverse group of colourful pigments naturally found in plants, algae, fungi and bacteria. They play essential roles in development, photosynthesis, root-mycorrhizal interactions and the production of phytohormones, such as abscisic acid and strigolactone. Carotenoid biosynthesis is regulated througho...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2010.02.003
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although aluminum (Al) toxicity represents a global agricultural problem, the biochemical targets for Al remain elusive. Recently identified Arabidopsis mutants with increased Al tolerance provide evidence of DNA as one of the main targets of Al. This insight could lead the way for novel strategies to generate Al-tole...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2016.12.003
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Green algae are the only known eukaryotes with both oxygenic photosynthesis and a hydrogen metabolism. Recent physiological and genetic discoveries indicate a close connection between these metabolic pathways. The anaerobically inducible hydA genes of algae encode a special type of highly active [Fe]-hydrogenase. Elec...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(02)02274-4
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past decade, the ABC model of flower development has been widely promulgated. However, correct flower-organ development requires not only the ABC genes but also the SEPALLATA genes. When the SEPALLATA genes are expressed together with the ABC genes, both vegetative and cauline leaves are converted to floral o...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(01)01987-2
更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The TCP gene family encodes plant-specific transcription factors involved in growth and development. Equally important are the interactions between TCP factors and other pathways extending far beyond development, as they have been found to regulate a variety of hormonal pathways and signaling cascades. Recent advances...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2015.01.005
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is challenging to understand how plants adapt flowering time to novel environmental conditions, such as global warming, while maintaining plasticity in response to daily fluctuating temperatures. A recent study shows a role for transposons and highlights the need to investigate how these different responses evolved...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2015.11.015
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:MicroProteins (miPs) are short, usually single-domain proteins that, in analogy to miRNAs, heterodimerize with their targets and exert a dominant-negative effect. Recent bioinformatic attempts to identify miPs have resulted in a list of potential miPs, many of which lack the defining characteristics of a miP. In this ...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2015.05.011
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Carotenoids not only play a crucial role in their intact form but also are an important reservoir of lipid-derived bioactive mediators. The process is initiated by tailoring enzymes that cleave carotenoids into apocarotenoids. Apocarotenoids act as visual or volatile signals to attract pollinating and seed dispersal a...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2005.02.007
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Any given pathogenic microbial species typically colonizes a limited number of plant species. Plant species outside of this host range mount nonhost disease resistance to attempted colonization by the, in this case, non-adapted pathogen. The underlying mechanism of nonhost immunity and host immunity involves the same ...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2011.01.001
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The Arabidopsis genome encodes approximately 20 different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that are likely to be involved in growth, development and responses to endogenous and environmental cues. Several plant MAPKs are activated by a variety of stress stimuli, including pathogen infection, wounding, tempera...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(01)02103-3
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The phylloplane, or leaf surface, is an interkingdom crossroads between plants and microorganisms, and secretion of antimicrobial biochemicals to aerial surfaces is thought to be one defensive strategy by which plants deter potential pathogens. Secondary metabolites on leaf surfaces are well documented but antimicrobi...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2006.12.003
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is generally recognized by geneticists and plant breeders alike that there is a need to further improve the ability to capture and manipulate genetic diversity. The effective harnessing of diversity in traditional breeding programmes is limited and, therefore, it is vital that meiotic recombination can be manipulat...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants emit a diverse array of phytogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The production and emission of VOCs has been an important area of research for decades. However, recent research has revealed the importance of VOC catabolism by plants and VOC degradation in the atmosphere for plant growth and survival. Spec...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2013.08.011
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plant nutrient acquisition is tightly regulated by resource availability and metabolic needs, implying the existence of communication between roots and shoots to ensure their integration at the whole-plant level. Here, we focus on systemic signaling pathways controlling nitrogen (N) nutrition, achieved both by the roo...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2020.11.009
更新日期：2020-12-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Being continuously exposed to variable environmental conditions, plants produce phytohormones to react quickly and specifically to these changes. The phytohormone ethylene is produced in response to multiple stresses. While the role of ethylene in defense responses to pathogens is widely recognized, recent studies in ...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2018.01.003
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, carotenoid accumulation and sequestration take place within chloroplasts and chromoplasts. In the chloroplast, practically all carotenoids are associated with chlorophyll-binding proteins, whereas chromoplasts have developed a unique mechanism to sequester carotenoids within specific lipoprotein structures....
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(99)01414-4
更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants constantly sense the changes in their environment; when mineral elements are scarce, they often allocate a greater proportion of their biomass to the root system. This acclimatory response is a consequence of metabolic changes in the shoot and an adjustment of carbohydrate transport to the root. It has long bee...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tplants.2006.10.007
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Woody peoffnials do not appear to go through a defined senescence phase but do have predictable developmental stages. Reduced photosynthesis and stomatal conductance have been reported at all developmental transitions, although some studies have shown the opposite. What causes these changes and why do results differ a...
journal_title：Trends in plant science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1360-1385(00)01691-5
更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00
