The hydroxyurea-induced small GTP-binding protein SAR modulates gamma-globin gene expression in human erythroid cells.

Abstract:

:Hydroxyurea (HU), a drug effective in the treatment of sickle cell disease, is thought to indirectly promote fetal hemoglobin (Hb F) production by perturbing the maturation of erythroid precursors. The molecular mechanisms involved in HU-mediated regulation of gamma-globin expression are currently unclear. We identified an HU-induced small guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein, secretion-associated and RAS-related (SAR) protein, in adult erythroid cells using differential display. Stable SAR expression in K562 cells increased gamma-globin mRNA expression and resulted in macrocytosis. The cells appeared immature. SAR-mediated induction of gamma-globin also inhibited K562 cell growth by causing arrest in G1/S, apoptosis, and delay of maturation, cellular changes consistent with the previously known effects of HU on erythroid cells. SAR also enhanced both gamma- and beta-globin transcription in primary bone marrow CD34+ cells, with a greater effect on gamma-globin than on beta-globin. Although up-regulation of GATA-2 and p21 was observed both in SAR-expressing cells and HU-treated K562 cells, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase and phosphorylated ERK were inhibited specifically in SAR-expressing cells. These data reveal a novel role of SAR distinct from its previously known protein-trafficking function. We suggest that SAR may participate in both erythroid cell growth and gamma-globin production by regulating PI3 kinase/extracellular protein-related kinase (ERK) and GATA-2/p21-dependent signal transduction pathways.

journal_name

Blood

journal_title

Blood

authors

Tang DC,Zhu J,Liu W,Chin K,Sun J,Chen L,Hanover JA,Rodgers GP

doi

10.1182/blood-2003-10-3458

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-11-01 00:00:00

pages

3256-63

issue

9

eissn

0006-4971

issn

1528-0020

pii

2003-10-3458

journal_volume

106

pub_type

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