Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:In France, diabetic subjects were not allowed to dive. The principal risk is hypoglycemia during immersion. However scuba diving is allowed in many countries. To follow blood glucose changes, food intake and insulin adjustments in type 1 diabetic patients when diving, and to propose specific guidelines for such patients willing to practice recreational scuba diving. METHODS:Fifteen well-controlled (mean HbA1c: 7.2%) type 1 diabetic patients without complications were volunteer to dive under strict medical monitoring. They dove 8 times in 4 days in autumn at a depth of 20 meters, in 12 degrees C to 16 degrees C water. A strict protocol based on blood glucose was implemented to prevent hypoglycaemia. RESULTS:No case of hypoglycemia was observed and no faintness was reported underwater. Mean blood glucose before diving was 200 mg/dl (11 mmol/l). There was a mean fall in blood glucose of 40 mg/dl (2.2 mmol/l) during dives, a mean decrease in daily insulin doses by 19.3% on the last day. Daily energy intake was 3,225 Kcal in average. A continuous glucose monitoring (CGMS) was performed in one patient and showed a rather stable glycemia during immersion but a decrease within the 8 hours after. CONCLUSION:When respecting a strict protocol to prevent hypoglycaemia, the risk of hypoglycaemia appears quite low. We recommend an ideal glycemic goal of 200-250 mg/dl (11-13.75 mmol/l) before immersion, a higher reduction of insulin doses (-30%) and taking carbohydrates on board in any case. The present data have recently led the French diving federation (FESSM) to allow type 1 diabetic patients to dive with some restrictive qualification requirements: dives within the "safety curve" (no decompression curve), in above 14 degrees C water, depth limited to the median space range (6 to 20 meters), plus mandatory guidance by a diving instructor.
journal_name
Diabetes Metabjournal_title
Diabetes & metabolismauthors
Lormeau B,Sola A,Tabah A,Chiheb S,Dufaitre L,Thurninger O,Bresson R,Lormeau C,Attali JR,Valensi Pdoi
10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70180-5subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
144-51issue
2eissn
1262-3636issn
1878-1780pii
s1262-3636(07)70180-5journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章abstract::The CGMS (Continuous Glucose Monitoring System) is a portable device allowing continuous measuring of glucose. It provides recordings of at least 72 h, during which 288 measures/day are performed. Results are visualised in the form of a set of curves, illustrating the variations in blood glucose levels over time. The ...
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pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
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abstract::In Type 1 diabetes, high circulating growth hormone (GH) in conjunction with low plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is indicative of a hepatic GH-resistance profile since the liver is the main source of circulating IGF-I. The reduction in specific growth hormone binding protein (GHBP), corresponding to the ex...
journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00
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doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70138-6
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2014.05.004
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
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更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The association of diabetes with HLA class I alleles in the early 1970s and with HLA class II alleles in the late 1970s provided a crucial, though indirect, indication of the role of immune phenomena in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Genotyping of HLA alleles in the mid-1980s opened up ...
journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2020-11-04 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
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abstract::The presence of thioredoxin peroxidase (TPx), also known as thiol specific antioxidant (TSA), was investigated in neonatal and adult rat islets, and in the beta-cell line HIT-T15. Western blotting of extracts from neonatal and adult pancreatic islets and from the tumoral cell line HIT-T15 revealed the presence of a 25...
journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is strongly associated with cardiovascular complications, especially coronary artery disease. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a close relationship between major cardiovascular events and glycaemia, and several pathophysiological mechanisms have been described that explain ho...
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更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2014.12.005
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:There is growing evidence that periodontal disease may favour the incidence or aggravation of diabetes and its complications. To investigate the issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control in diabetic patients. METHODS:A literature search was carried out using seve...
journal_title:Diabetes & metabolism
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2008.03.006
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00