Understanding Philip Morris's pursuit of US government regulation of tobacco.

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine those groups who are at increased risk of smoking related diseases, we assessed in which male and female generations smoking was more prevalent among lower educated groups than among the higher educated, in 11 European countries. DESIGN:Cross sectional analysis of data on smoking, covering the y...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Huisman M,Kunst AE,Mackenbach JP

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Package quantity refers to the number of cigarettes or amount of other tobacco product in a package. Many countries restrict minimum cigarette package quantities to avoid low-cost packs that may lower barriers to youth smoking. METHODS:We reviewed Truth Tobacco Industry Documents to understand tobacco com...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Persoskie A,Donaldson EA,Ryant C

更新日期：2018-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Philip Morris (PM) launched the Philip Morris External Research Program (PMERP) in 2000, two years after the company agreed to the dissolution of two industry-wide, external research programmes: the Council for Tobacco Research (CTR) and the Center for Indoor Air Research (CIAR). Our previous analysis of PME...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Hirschhorn N,Bialous SA,Shatenstein S

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The landscape of smoking cessation may have changed in Europe recently. OBJECTIVES:To identify changes in use of smoking cessation assistance in the European Union (EU) and factors associated with use of cessation assistance. METHODS:Data from the 2012 (n=9921) and 2017 (n=9489) waves of the Eurobarometer ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Filippidis FT,Laverty AA,Mons U,Jimenez-Ruiz C,Vardavas CI

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:While cigarette filter modifications have long been used to increase product appeal and assuage health concerns, tighter marketing restrictions, including plain packaging, have further spurred the growth of filter variants. We explored and assessed experiences and perceptions of smokers who had tried and/or ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Wakefield MA,Dunstone K,Brennan E,Vittiglia A,Scollo M,Durkin SJ,Hoek J,Thrasher J,Hatsukami D,Benowitz N,Samet JM

更新日期：2020-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the national level of compliance with the Chilean comprehensive smoke-free legislation by observing healthcare facilities, education centres, government offices, hospitality venues and private workplaces, by type of area within workplaces and public places: enclosed, semiopen and open. METHODOLOGY:...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Peruga A,Molina X,Delgado I,Matute I,Olea A,Hirmas M,González C,Aguilera X

更新日期：2020-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Cigarette consumption has declined in the USA. However, cigar consumption has increased. This may be due in part to some cigarette smokers switching to filtered cigars as a less expensive substitute for cigarettes. Additionally, some cigarette smokers may perceive and consume little filtered cigars as ciga...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Casseus M,Garmon J,Hrywna M,Delnevo CD

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To identify the level of effort state tobacco control programmes and partners have expended on interventions recommended by the community guide and how those efforts have changed over time between 1999 and 2004. DESIGN:Longitudinal study. SETTING:United States. PARTICIPANTS:State tobacco control partners, ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Schmitt CL,Malarcher AM,Clark PI,Bombard JM,Strauss W,Stillman FA

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Survivors and victims of tobacco-related diseases can and should play significant roles in tobacco control advocacy efforts. This article describes one example of how to successfully incorporate their talents into a statewide programme. ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Mathew M,Goldstein AO,Hampton K

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study examines the politics of appropriating Question 1 tobacco tax revenues in the first budget year after Massachusetts voters passed the ballot initiative in 1992. The initiative increased the tobacco tax on cigarettes by 25 cents per pack and on smokeless tobacco by 25% of the wholesale price. METHO...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Ritch WA,Begay ME

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:The pace and scale of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with ongoing efforts by health agencies to communicate harms, have created a pressing need for data to inform messaging about smoking, vaping, and COVID-19. We examined reactions to COVID-19 and traditional health harms messages discouraging smoking and ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Grummon AH,Hall MG,Mitchell CG,Pulido M,Mendel Sheldon J,Noar SM,Ribisl KM,Brewer NT

更新日期：2020-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To review the available literature evaluating electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) nicotine clinical pharmacology in order to understand the potential impact of e-cigarettes on individual users, nicotine dependence and public health. METHODS:Literature searches were conducted between 1 October 2012 and 30 Sept...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Schroeder MJ,Hoffman AC

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We review the Population Health Impact Model (PHIM) developed by Philip Morris International and used in its application to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to market its heated tobacco product (HTP), IQOS, as a modified-risk tobacco product (MRTP). We assess the model against FDA guidelines for MRT...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Max WB,Sung HY,Lightwood J,Wang Y,Yao T

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1983 and 1986, the International Advertising Association (IAA) published an original version and then a revision of a report entitled "Tobacco Advertising Bans and Consumption in 16 Countries," which were edited by J J Boddewyn, a marketing professor. The reports concluded that tobacco advertising bans have not bee...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Davis RM

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Vape shops have been spreading rapidly in the USA since 2008, catering to the fast-growing market for electronic cigarettes. Little is known about the geographic density and proximity of vape shops near colleges. METHODS:Names and addresses of vape shops were collected from 3 online directories: Yelp.com, Y...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Dai H,Hao J

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Brazil experienced a large decline in smoking prevalence between 2008 and 2013. Tax rate increases since 2007 and a new tobacco tax structure in 2012 may have played an important role in this decline. However, continuous tax rate increases pushed up cigarette prices over personal income growth and, therefore...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Iglesias RM,Szklo AS,Souza MC,de Almeida LM

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the influence of newspaper coverage and a media campaign about Dutch smoke-free legislation on smokers' support for smoke-free bars and restaurants and on secondhand smoke (SHS) harm awareness. DESIGN AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:A content analysis was conducted of 1041 newspaper articles on the smoke...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Nagelhout GE,van den Putte B,de Vries H,Crone M,Fong GT,Willemsen MC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To determine the prevalence and correlates of cigarette smoking among adults in high mountain rural areas of northern Pakistan. DESIGN:Cross sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS:A sample of 4203 adults (aged 18 years and over) were selected by stratified random sampling from 16 villages. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:Sel...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Shah SM,Arif AA,Delclos GL,Khan AR,Khan A

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：AIM:To evaluate the short-term impacts of removing point-of-sale tobacco displays in Ireland, implemented in July 2009. METHODS:Retailer compliance was assessed using audit surveys in 2007, 2008 and 2009. Using a monthly survey of 1000 adults carried out since 2002, changes in smoking prevalence were assessed; attitud...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： McNeill A,Lewis S,Quinn C,Mulcahy M,Clancy L,Hastings G,Edwards R

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To conduct a review of research examining the effects of tobacco industry denormalisation (TID) on smoking-related and attitude-related outcomes. METHODS:The authors searched Pubmed and Scopus databases for articles published through December 2010 (see figure 1). We included all peer-reviewed TID studies we ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Malone RE,Grundy Q,Bero LA

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the perceived effectiveness of text and pictorial smokeless tobacco health warnings in India and Bangladesh, including different types of message content. METHODS:An experimental study was conducted in Navi Mumbai, India (n=1002), and Dhaka, Bangladesh (n=1081). Face-to-face interviews were conduc...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Mutti S,Reid JL,Gupta PC,Pednekar MS,Dhumal G,Nargis N,Hussain AG,Hammond D

更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:The tobacco industry often relies on the assertion that smokers make 'informed adult choices'. We tested this argument by exploring how young adults initiate smoking. METHODS:Fifteen in-depth interviews with young adults who had started smoking since turning 18, the legal age of adulthood and tobacco purchas...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Gray RJ,Hoek J,Edwards R

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a leading preventable cause of illness, disability and mortality. There is a lack of quantitative analyses on socioeconomic disparities in SHS; especially, it is not known how socioeconomic disparities have changed in the past two decades in the USA. OBJECTIVES:To examine socioecon...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Gan WQ,Mannino DM,Jemal A

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Validated metrics of tobacco dependence exist, but their value for global surveillance of tobacco dependence and development of tobacco control interventions is not well understood. This paper reviews tobacco dependence metrics for non-cigarette products, and whether measures of tobacco dependence have been ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： De Leon E,Smith KC,Cohen JE

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Waterpipe smoking using sweetened, flavoured tobacco products has become a widespread global phenomenon. In this paper, we review chemical, physical and biological properties of waterpipe smoke. DATA SOURCES:Peer-reviewed publications indexed in major databases between 1991 and 2014. Search keywords include...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Shihadeh A,Schubert J,Klaiany J,El Sabban M,Luch A,Saliba NA

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Although waterpipe smoking is increasingly popular among youth and can lead to nicotine dependence (ND), no studies have documented how ND develops in waterpipe smokers. We examined the emerging symptoms of ND among adolescent waterpipe smokers in Lebanon. METHODS:Individual confidential interviews were use...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Bahelah R,DiFranza JR,Fouad FM,Ward KD,Eissenberg T,Maziak W

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The zebra may seem an odd choice as a brand image for a new cigarette in Russia, but subtle tobacco marketing forces are, as always, at work. ...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Pollay R

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the claim that the tobacco industry does not market its products to youth. DESIGN:The data for this study come from tobacco industry documents collected from the tobacco industry's document websites, presently linked at http://www.tobaccoarchives.com. The websites were searched using "request for...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Cummings KM,Morley CP,Horan JK,Steger C,Leavell NR

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Hookahs (water pipes) are rapidly increasing in popularity worldwide. Evidence suggests that although perceived as safer than cigarette smoke, hookah smoke may be as, or even more, dangerous as cigarette smoke. METHODS:Air samples from 33 homes-11 where only hookah-smoking occurred, 12 with only cigarette...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Weitzman M,Yusufali AH,Bali F,Vilcassim MJR,Gandhi S,Peltier R,Nadas A,Sherman S,Lee L,Hong Z,Shearston J,Park SH,Gordon T

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Fogarty International Center (FIC) initiative, "International Tobacco and Health Research Capacity Building Program" represents an important step in US government funding for global tobacco control. Low- and middle-income countries of the world face a rising threat to public health from the rapidly escalating epid...

journal_title：Tobacco control

authors： Stillman F,Yang G,Figueiredo V,Hernandez-Avila M,Samet J

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00