Acceptability of Norplant implants for fertility regulation in Singapore.

Abstract:

:The continuation rate at the end of this five-year clinical study was 60% with no accidental pregnancy occurring throughout the five years. The post-removal conception rate in women desiring pregnancy was 92% at the end of two years. The majority of acceptors described the overall experience with the implants as favourable. In fact, 75% of the women planning to use contraception after removal of the implants were going to use implants again. :The results of Norplant implants in Singapore in 1985 are reported based on clinic data from 1991. Recruitment of 100 acceptors 18-40 years old in 1985 followed the criteria established by the Population Council's International Committee for Contraception Research: sexually active and having at least 1 birth and medically safe for steroid use. The mean age was 29.5 years, average education 7.8 years, and parity average 2.1 live births. Contraceptive effectiveness was 100% for the 60 continuing for the complete 5 years. There were 40 removals, of which 25 were for planned pregnancy and 12 for menstrual problems. Of the menstrual problems, 9 had complaints of prolonged bleeding or spotting 10 days. 2 had increased menstrual periods. 1 had prolonged amenorrhea. Removals were made within the 1st 3 years. and there is support for prior findings that menstrual disturbances decrease over time. Of the 25% that discontinued to have another child, 44% conceived within 3 months of removal, 64% within 2 months, 84% within a year, and 92% within 2 years. The only 2 women not conceiving were using other means of contraception. All 22 women had full term normal vaginal deliveries; there was 1 induced abortion due to marital difficulties. Acceptor satisfaction was high at 71.2%. None considerable the experience unfavorable. Convenience and ease of use was the most desirable feature followed by the low risk of pregnancy. 6.8% found removal to be painful, but 2 of the 4 had reinsertions. 88.1% recommended Norplant to friends or relatives. 88.1% planned to use contraception after Norplant, of which 75% were going to use implants again. Of the 7 not planning on contraceptive use after removal, 2 were divorced, and the other 5 were planning a pregnancy. The authors conclude that the findings strongly support the Norplant implant system as effective and acceptable and reversible for Singaporean women. The continuation rate of 60% was comparable to other international findings.

journal_name

Contraception

journal_title

Contraception

authors

Singh K,Viegas OA,Fong YF,Ratnam SS

doi

10.1016/0010-7824(92)90139-k

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-01-01 00:00:00

pages

39-47

issue

1

eissn

0010-7824

issn

1879-0518

pii

0010-7824(92)90139-K

journal_volume

45

pub_type

杂志文章
  • Steroid contraceptives in non-human primates (II). Metabolic fate of synthetic estrogens in the baboon after exposure to oral contraceptives.

    abstract::The metabolism of isotopically labeled ethinyl estradiol (EE) and mestranol (ME) was studied in 3 baboons before and after the simultaneous injection of a norethindrone-mestranol contraceptive formulation. 6 days after the administration of tritiated-EE and carbon-14-ME, the mean urinary excretion of labeled-EE was 3...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(77)90116-0

    authors: Kulkarni BD,Avila TD,O'Leary JA

    更新日期:1977-03-01 00:00:00

  • The effect of orally and vaginally administered misoprostol on inflammatory mediators and cervical ripening during early pregnancy.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of vaginally and orally administered misoprostol on the local cervical inflammatory response. METHODS:Healthy women with a normal intrauterine pregnancy between 8 and 12 weeks of gestation presenting for an elective termination of pregnancy by...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.02.012

    authors: Aronsson A,Ulfgren AK,Ståbi B,Stavreus-Evers A,Gemzell-Danielsson K

    更新日期:2005-07-01 00:00:00

  • Measuring decisional certainty among women seeking abortion.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:Evaluating decisional certainty is an important component of medical care, including preabortion care. However, minimal research has examined how to measure certainty with reliability and validity among women seeking abortion. We examine whether the Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), a measure widely used in ot...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.09.008

    authors: Ralph LJ,Foster DG,Kimport K,Turok D,Roberts SCM

    更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition by gossypol of cyclic AMP production in mouse Leydig cells.

    abstract::Gossypol has been shown to inhibit steroidogenesis in leydig cells. This study examined the mechanism of this action by investigating the effect of gossypol on leydig cell hCG receptor binding, adenylate cyclase activity and cyclic AMP production in leydig cells. Gossypol had no effect on hCG binding to cell membranes...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(86)80019-1

    authors: Pearce S,Sufi SB,O'Shaughnessy PJ,Donaldson A,Jeffcoate SL

    更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00

  • Weight change with oral contraceptive use and during the menstrual cycle. Results of daily measurements.

    abstract::Although weight gain is among the most common complaints of women using oral contraceptives (OC) and a frequent reason for discontinuation, studies demonstrate little basis for this perception. We explored this issue by analyzing the daily weights of 128 women during four cycles of triphasic OC use. The mean weight at...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00127-9

    authors: Rosenberg M

    更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00

  • Fibrinolytic activity in plasma and vessels of the hind leg in rats treated with ethinylestradiol and D-norgestrel.

    abstract::The separate effect of ethinylestradiol (4 micrograms/kg b.w./day) and d-norgestrel (20 micrograms/kg b.w./day) on the fibrinolytic activity in plasma and in vessel walls of the hind leg was investigated in an experimental study on rats. No hormonal effect on the fibrinolytic activity in plasma was registered. However...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(84)90101-x

    authors: Kjaeldgaard A,Larsson B

    更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00

  • Long-term effects of lonidamine on mouse testes.

    abstract::Lonidamine (LND) [1-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxylic acid] is a well-known antispermatogenic drug. The aim of this study was to identify its possible long-term sequelae on the reproductive system of mice as compared with rats, where most data have been obtained until now. Sexually mature CD1 male mice wer...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.05.019

    authors: Maranghi F,Mantovani A,Macrì C,Romeo A,Eleuteri P,Leter G,Rescia M,Spanò M,Saso L

    更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of gossypol on the hepatic drug metabolizing system in rats.

    abstract::Gossypol, a polyphenolic pigment found in cotton plants, has been implicated as an antifertility agent. This pigment has been shown to alter myriad metabolic pathways. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of gossypol acetic acid on the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing enzyme system in adult fema...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(90)90009-k

    authors: Johansen RL,Misra HP

    更新日期:1990-12-01 00:00:00

  • Progestogen-only contraceptive use among breastfeeding women: a systematic review.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding women raises theoretical concerns regarding possible adverse effects on breastfeeding success, and infant health or growth. This review was conducted to determine from the literature whether use of progestogen-only contraceptives by breastfeeding wo...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.02.002

    authors: Kapp N,Curtis K,Nanda K

    更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00

  • TSPY4 is a novel sperm-specific biomarker of semen exposure in human cervicovaginal fluids; potential use in HIV prevention and contraception studies.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Developing an objective, reliable method to determine semen exposure in cervicovaginal fluids is important for accurately studying the efficacy of vaginal microbicides and contraceptives. Y-chromosome biomarkers offer better stability, sensitivity, and specificity than protein biomarkers. TSPY4 belongs to th...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2012.11.022

    authors: Jacot TA,Zalenskaya I,Mauck C,Archer DF,Doncel GF

    更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of temperature and pH on contraceptive gel viscosity.

    abstract::The rheological properties of four commercially available spermicidal gels (two polyacrylic acid derivatives and two carboxymethylcellulose based) and their dilutions with a vaginal fluid simulant (pH 4.2) and a semen simulant (pH 7.7) were measured at 25 degrees C and 37 degrees C over a biologically relevant range o...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00430-4

    authors: Owen DH,Peters JJ,Lavine ML,Katz DF

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Copper levels in maternal and fetal tissues of rabbits bearing intrauterine copper wires.

    abstract::A study was undertaken to determine if copper wire, placed within the uterine lumen after implantation and kept in situ throughout pregnancy, results in an excessive accumulation of the metal in maternal and/or fetal tissues; and if so, what effect if any, such an accumulation may have on both mother and offspring. ...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(74)90060-2

    authors: Moo-Young AJ,Tatum HJ

    更新日期:1974-05-01 00:00:00

  • Comparing abortion induced with methotrexate and misoprostol to methotrexate alone.

    abstract::This was a dual-cohort study performed to determine if, by using methotrexate alone, abortions could be induced with fewer side effects, without sacrificing effectiveness and patient satisfaction. The subjects were 358 consecutive patients who requested elective medical termination of pregnancy at < 7 weeks gestation....

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(98)00146-2

    authors: Wiebe ER

    更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00

  • Restoring testosterone levels by adding dehydroepiandrosterone to a drospirenone containing combined oral contraceptive: I. Endocrine effects.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) decrease testosterone (T) levels. This study investigated restoration of T and other androgen concentrations during COC use by 'co-administration' of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). STUDY DESIGN:In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in 99 new COC start...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2014.11.002

    authors: Zimmerman Y,Foidart JM,Pintiaux A,Minon JM,Fauser BC,Cobey K,Coelingh Bennink HJ

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • Folate status and homocysteine levels during a 24-week oral administration of a folate-containing oral contraceptive: a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group, US-based multicenter study.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:This study investigated the effects of adding levomefolate calcium 0.451 mg (the calcium salt of L-5-methyltetrahydrofolate; Metafolin®) to an oral contraceptive containing ethinylestradiol (EE) 20 mcg/drospirenone (drsp) 3 mg on folate levels in healthy women seeking contraception. STUDY DESIGN:In this ran...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2011.05.013

    authors: Bart S Sr,Marr J,Diefenbach K,Trummer D,Sampson-Landers C

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Progestogen-only contraceptive use among women with sickle cell anemia: a systematic review.

    abstract::The use of progestogen-only contraceptives among women with sickle cell anemia has generated concerns about possible hematological and other clinical complications. Based on the literature, we assessed whether use of progestogen-only contraceptives is associated with adverse health effects among women with sickle cell...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.010

    authors: Legardy JK,Curtis KM

    更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00

  • Exposure to routine availability of immediate postpartum LARC: effect on attitudes and practices of labor and delivery and postpartum nurses.

    abstract:OBJECTIVES:Nurses play an integral role in intrapartum and postpartum patient education. This exploratory study aims to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices of labor and delivery and postpartum nurses regarding contraception and evaluate for changes in these measures 1 year after an institutional initiative a...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2018.01.017

    authors: Benfield N,Hawkins F,Ray L,McGowan A,Floyd K,Africa D,Barreto M,Levi E

    更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00

  • Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive uptake after miscarriage.

    abstract:OBJECTIVE:To identify factors associated with contraceptive uptake among participants in a miscarriage management clinical trial. STUDY DESIGN:We performed a secondary analysis of a multi-center, randomized controlled trial of medical management regimens for miscarriage between 5 and 12 completed weeks. Pregnancy inte...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2020.03.002

    authors: Roe AH,McAllister A,Sammel MD,Schreiber CA

    更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00

  • Oral contraceptives and venous thromboembolism: should epidemiologic associations drive clinical decision making?

    abstract::New studies linking use of oral contraceptives (OCs) containing a third generation progestogen with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have stirred controversy. Epidemiologists face the task of separating a direct effect of the OC from the confounding effect of a pre-existing factor (e.g., smoking). Only 1-2% of VTE cases...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 评论,社论

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(96)00111-4

    authors: Westhoff CL

    更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00

  • Triphasic combination of ethinyl estradiol and gestodene. Long-term clinical trial.

    abstract::A triphasic oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and gestodene was used by 1933 women for up to 36 cycles in order to evaluate contraceptive efficacy, general tolerance and cycle control. Altogether, 30,763 treatment cycles were recorded. Two pregnancies were seen, both of them classified as user failure. T...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(92)90128-g

    authors: Weber-Diehl F,Unger R,Lachnit U

    更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00

  • Acceptability evaluation of a natural rubber latex, a polyurethane, and a new non-latex condom.

    abstract::After more than a century of reliance on latex condoms, male condoms fabricated from new materials are finally becoming commercially available to consumers. This study was an open label acceptability study that compared three lubricated condom products during vaginal intercourse: a natural rubber latex condom, a polyu...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00119-0

    authors: Frezieres RG,Walsh TL

    更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00

  • The cost-effectiveness of a long-acting reversible contraceptive (Implanon) relative to oral contraception in a community setting.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Within the setting of a UK community sexual health service, the cost-effectiveness of Implanon and oral contraception provision over a 36-month period was compared. STUDY DESIGN:A case-controlled retrospective cost-effectiveness study was done on a cohort of 493 Implanon users and 493 oral contraceptive use...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.11.003

    authors: Lipetz C,Phillips CJ,Fleming CF

    更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00

  • Cervical carcinoma in situ and use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives.

    abstract::The relationship of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (D-MPA) use to risk of cervical carcinoma in situ was investigated using data from a large multi-national, hospital-based case-control study. To avoid possible detection bias from Pap smear screening, final analyses were restricted to a subset of cases with symptom...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(94)00007-j

    authors: Thomas DB,Ye Z,Ray RM

    更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effectiveness of a theory-based postpartum sexual health education program on women's contraceptive use: a randomized controlled trial.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a refined theory-based Interactive Postpartum Sexual Health Education Program to enhance postpartum women's effective contraceptive behavior. STUDY DESIGN:Participants (N=250) were randomized to three groups. Experimental Group A received our interv...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2010.11.008

    authors: Lee JT,Tsai JL,Tsou TS,Chen MC

    更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of STS 557 on semen and sperm functions in bonnet monkey (Macaca radiata)--a preliminary report.

    abstract::Intramuscular administration of STS 557 (17 alpha C-cyanomethyl-17 beta-hydroxy-estra-4,9(10)-diene-3-one) at a daily dose of 12 mg/monkey for 8 weeks induced severe oligospermia to complete azoospermia by the 9th week of initiation of treatment with concomitant decrease in the serum level of testosterone. The sperm m...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(88)90009-1

    authors: Majumdar SS,Sharma RK,Das RP

    更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00

  • Follicular development in a 7-day versus 4-day hormone-free interval with an oral contraceptive containing 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethindrone acetate.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Combined oral contraceptive (COC) formulations with 20 mcg ethinyl estradiol (EE) have a greater incidence of ovarian hormone production and follicular development, which can be managed by shortening the number of hormone-free days per COC cycle. This study evaluates differences in follicular development dur...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.10.005

    authors: Rible RD,Taylor D,Wilson ML,Stanczyk FZ,Mishell DR Jr

    更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00

  • Smoking and oral contraceptive continuation.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking may be related to early discontinuation of oral contraceptives (OC). STUDY DESIGN:This was a planned secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Women aged less than 25 initiating OC at three inner-city publicly funded family planning clinics enrolled in the study. Subjects reported smoking s...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2008.12.003

    authors: Westhoff C,Jones K,Robilotto C,Heartwell S,Edwards S,Zieman M,Cushman L

    更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on rat fertility and Leydig and Sertoli cells.

    abstract::Primary cultures of rat Leydig and Sertoli cells were used to evaluate the direct effects of GTW on testicular cells and to compare these to the effects of gossypol acetate. Both GTW and gossypol acetate can affect the survival of Leydig and Sertoli cells. But Sertoli cells are much more sensitive than Leydig cells, e...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/0010-7824(92)90069-6

    authors: Lan ZJ,Gu ZP,Lu RF,Zhuang LZ

    更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00

  • An initial pharmacokinetic study with a Metered Dose Transdermal Systemfor delivery of the progestogen Nestorone as a possible future contraceptive.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Transdermal delivery of steroids is gaining popularity for contraception and hormone replacement therapy. This study aimed to test metered spray delivery of a precise dosage of Nestorone (NES) progestogen as a possible transdermal progestogen-only contraceptive. STUDY DESIGN:Six healthy postmenopausal volun...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2007.08.006

    authors: Fraser IS,Weisberg E,Kumar N,Kumar S,Humberstone AJ,McCrossin L,Shaw D,Tsong YY,Sitruk-Ware R

    更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00

  • Medical abortion with methotrexate 75 mg intramuscularly and vaginal misoprostol.

    abstract::Methotrexate (50 mg/m2 intramuscularly and 50 mg orally) followed by vaginal misoprostol have proven to be > 90% effective at causing abortion in women at less than 49 days' gestation. Although the effectiveness of the oral dose (which has a lower serum bioavailability) demonstrates that a methotrexate dose of 50 mg/m...

    journal_title:Contraception

    pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/s0010-7824(97)00173-x

    authors: Creinin MD

    更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00