Abstract:
:Remarkable advances have been made in pharmacologic treatments of acute and chronic spinal cord injury. The recent National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study (NASCIS) showed that very high dose methylprednisolone given within 8 hr after injury improves neurologic recovery. The mechanism is believed to be inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Many other drugs have been claimed to be beneficial in animal studies, including other lipid peroxidation inhibitors, free radical scavengers, opiate receptor blockers, NMDA receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, inhibitors of arachidonic acid metabolism, and protease inhibitors. In chronic spinal cord injury, much progress also has been made. Myelin was found to possess factors that inhibit axonal regeneration. Blocking these factors enhances spinal cord regeneration. Monosialic gangliosides (GM1) were recently found to improve neurologic recovery in spinal-cord-injured patients. Given as late as 48-72 hr after injury, the mechanism of action is not well understood. However, the GM1 results give hope that recovery mechanisms can be manipulated pharmacologically. Nonregenerative therapy for chronic spinal cord injury is also being developed. Several drugs, including 4-aminopyridine and baclofen, respectively blockers of potassium channels and GABA-B receptors, improve conduction in demyelinated axons. These drugs may be useful for identifying patients who might benefit from remyelination therapy. Finally, NASCIS has complicated acute spinal cord injury studies. To bring a drug to clinical trial, an investigator must now determine the optimal treatment dose, timing, and duration over a range of injury severities, in comparison and combination with methylprednisolone. This requirement has so increased the scale of drug testing that multicenter laboratory trials may be necessary.
journal_name
J Neurotraumajournal_title
Journal of neurotraumaauthors
Nockels R,Young Wsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-03-01 00:00:00pages
S211-7eissn
0897-7151issn
1557-9042journal_volume
9 Suppl 1pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Increasing evidence indicates that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop following traumatic brain injury (TBI), despite most patients having no conscious memory of their accident. This prospective study examined the frequency, timing of onset, symptom profile, and trajectory of PTSD and its psychiatric co...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3992
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hippocampal-dependent deficits in learning and memory formation are a prominent feature of traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, the role of the hippocampus in cognitive dysfunction after concussion (mild TBI) is unknown. We therefore investigated functional and structural changes in the swine hippocampus following T...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4848
更新日期:2017-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) leading to neurological deficits produces long-term effects that persist over a lifetime. Survival analysis of patients with SCI, at individual and population level, is important for public health management and the assessment of treatment achievements. The current study evaluated survival fol...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1138
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mood disturbances, including depression and anxiety disorders, are common and disabling long-term sequelae of traumatic brain injury (TBI). These psychiatric conditions have generally been considered psychosocial consequences of the trauma, but neurobiological alterations and causes have also been implicated. Using a ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2008.0641
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuropathic pain and motor deficits are detrimental consequences of injury to the spinal cord. In experimental settings, numerous neuroprotective agents are being explored for their therapeutic benefits. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an interesting candidate molecule in this respect since it is not only...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2010.1484
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In human diffuse axonal injury (DAI), axons are exposed to transient tensile strain. Over the ensuing several hours, injured axons enter a "pathological cascade" of events that lead to secondary axotomy. Use of animal models of traumatic axonal injury (TAI) has allowed description of a number of pathological changes b...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1999.16.1225
更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A single dose of an alpha1-noradrenergic antagonist transiently reinstates hemiplegia after recovery from brain injury, which suggests that noradrenaline (NA) is required to maintain recovery. No systematic studies have determined the postinjury duration of this vulnerability. This study used a within-subject, dose-re...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/08977150151070955
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscle strength was assessed from the maximum force that could be exerted voluntarily by triceps brachii muscles of 72 people with chronic cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) at or above C7, and 18 able-bodied (A-B) subjects. The magnitude of co-activation was estimated from the ratio of biceps brachii surface EMG to tr...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1998.15.149
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A retrospective case-control study was undertaken to determine the best technique to measure neural canal encroachment at each lumbar level following burst fracture and its relationship to the presence of neurologic deficit. Only patients with postinjury CT scans demonstrating a disrupted posterior body with a retropu...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1994.11.711
更新日期:1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The horizontal ladder task is an established method to assess skilled locomotor recovery after neurological dysfunction. Walking speed is often used as a standardized measure in locomotor assessment of overground walking in human and pre-clinical studies, but the assessment of walking speed is typically ignored during...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6152
更新日期:2019-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dementia pugilistica (DP) is associated with chronic traumatic brain injury (CTBI), and leads to a "punch drunk" syndrome characterized by impairments in memory and executive function, behavioral changes, and motor signs. Microscopic features include the accumulation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), beta-amyloid (Aβ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2011.1957
更新日期:2012-04-10 00:00:00
abstract::Visual dysfunction is a common occurrence after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We investigated in this study effects of single or multiple mild TBI on visual function in mice using a closed head injury model that permits unconstrained head movement after impact. Adult mice were briefly anesthetized with isoflurane and ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6602
更新日期:2020-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Return to living at home is an important patient-reported outcome following traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI). Specialized inpatient rehabilitation assists such patients in maximizing function and independence. Our project aim was to describe those patients receiving specialized rehabilitation after tSCI in Canada, ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4930
更新日期:2017-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes neurodegeneration, impairs locomotor function, and impacts the quality of life particularly in those individuals in whom neuropathic pain develops. Whether the time course of neurodegeneration, locomotor impairment, or neuropathic pain varies with sex, however, remains understudied. The...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6931
更新日期:2020-09-15 00:00:00
abstract::After a severe, high-level spinal cord injury (SCI), plasticity to intraspinal circuits below injury results in heightened spinal sympathetic reflex activity and detrimentally impacts peripheral organ systems. Such sympathetic hyperreflexia is immediately apparent as an episode of autonomic dysreflexia (AD), a life-th...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2020.7504
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::This prospective longitudinal study compares the ability of conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters made at the cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) site to predict long-term neurological and functional outcomes. Twenty patients with CSCI, with follow-up at 6 or 12 months, and 15 control volunteers we...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6394
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can cause permanent disabilities that seriously reduce quality of life. We evaluated the effects of chronic hyperglycemia before SCI on inflammatory markers and functional recovery after SCI in human patients and a rat model. In the human study, multivariate logistical regression ana...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2019.6724
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fluid percussion (FP) brain injury causes spatial memory dysfunction in rats regardless of injury location (midline vs. lateral). Standard histological analysis of the injured brains shows hippocampal neuronal loss after lateral, but not midline FP injury. We have used the optical volume fractionator (OVF) stereologic...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771503770195786
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gap junctions are conductive channels formed by membrane proteins termed connexins (Cx), which permit the intercellular exchange of metabolites, ions, and small molecules. Junctional permeability is regulated by pH, membrane potential, and intracellular secondary messengers. The purpose of this study was to elucidate ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2009.1234
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have used an in vitro trauma model to examine the effects of modulation of group III metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) on post-traumatic neuronal cell death. Rat cortical neuronal/glial cultures were subjected to standardized mechanical injury using a punch that delivers 28 parallel cuts to 96-well culture p...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.1997.14.885
更新日期:1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanism by which mechanical impact to brain tissue is transduced to neuronal impairment remains poorly understood. Using an in vitro model of neuronal stretch, we found that mechanical stretch of neurons resulted in a transient plasma membrane permeability increase. Primary cortical neurons, seeded on silicone s...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771503770195885
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::To test if observed vs. expected mortality differs by age among traumatic brain injury (TBI) cases, a population-based, historical cohort study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota. From all residents with any diagnosis suggestive of TBI 1985-1999, we randomly sampled 7,800 and reviewed their medical records to ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2006.0119
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The imaging and clinical examination (ICE) algorithm used in the Benchmark Evidence from South American Trials: Treatment of Intracranial Pressure (BEST TRIP) randomized controlled trial is the only prospectively investigated clinical protocol for traumatic brain injury management without intracranial pressure (ICP) m...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4472
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A significant outflow of neurotransmitters and metabolites with associated enhanced cortical excitation occurs after concussive head trauma. Cellular changes in the acute post-injury period cannot be observed directly in humans, and as such, require indirect evidence from systems sufficiently sensitive to central neur...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2015.3968
更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disrupts hippocampal function and can lead to long-lasting episodic memory impairments. The encoding of episodic memories relies on spatial information processing within the hippocampus. As the primary entry point for spatial information into the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus is tho...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2017.5350
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterogeneity within brain injury presents a challenge to the development of informative molecular diagnostics. Recent studies show progress, particularly in cerebrospinal fluid, with biomarker assays targeting one or a few structural proteins. Protein-based assays in peripheral fluids, however, have been more challen...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3116
更新日期:2014-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::Arginine-vasopressin (AVP) V1 receptors are known to mediate brain edema formation after traumatic brain injury (TBI). So far, however, AVP V1 receptors were only inhibited by genetic deletion or prior to trauma. Therefore, the current study aimed to determine the therapeutic window of AVP V1 receptor antagonization a...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4514
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), and S100B have been shown to be predictive of patients with brain injury. Kinetics of these biomarkers in injured humans have not been extensively examined. This prospective multi-center study included patients with mild-to-mode...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1089/neu.2016.4772
更新日期:2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::While autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is well recognized in the chronic stage of spinal cord injury (SCI) this potentially life-threatening complication has been only rarely documented in the acute phase (1 month) after SCI. Based on our clinical experience we hypothesized that AD is under-recognized in the acute phase of ...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/089771503767869944
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The inflammatory response to moderate-severe controlled cortical impact (CCI) in adult male mice has been shown to exhibit greater glial activation compared with age-matched female mice. However, the relative contributions of resident microglia and infiltrating peripheral myeloid cells to this sexually dimorphic neuro...
journal_title:Journal of neurotrauma
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1089/neu.2018.6019
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00