Abstract：
:The linkage of the different types of cytoskeletal proteins to cell adhesion structures at the cytoplasmic membrane and the connection of these contact sites to corresponding sites of adjacent cells is a prerequisite for integrity and stability of cells and tissues. The structurally most prominent types of such cell-cell adhesion complexes are the desmosomes (maculae adhaerentes), which are found in all epithelia and certain non-epithelial tissues. As an element of the cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments are connected to the adhesive desmosomal transmembrane proteins by the cytoplasmic desmosomal plaque proteins. At least three different types of proteins are found in the desmosomal plaque, one of which is represented by the plakophilins, a recently described sub-family of sequence-related armadillo-repeat proteins. Consisting of three isoforms, plakophilins (plakophilin 1 to 3, PKP 1 to 3) are located in all desmosomes in a differentiation-dependent manner. While PKP 2 and PKP 3 are part of almost all desmosome-bearing cell types (PKP 2 except for differentiated cells of stratified epithelia and PKP 3 for hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes), PKP 1 is restricted to desmosomes of cells of stratified and complex epithelia. Besides the architectural function that plakophilins seem to fulfill in the desmosomes, at least PKP 1 and 2 are also localized in the nucleus independently of any differentiation-related processes and with an up to now enigmatic function in this compartment. In the following article we want to summarize the current knowledge concerning structure, function and regulation of the plakophilins that has been achieved during the last decade.
journal_name
Eur J Cell Bioljournal_title
European journal of cell biologyauthors
Schmidt A,Jäger Sdoi
10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.020subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-03-01 00:00:00pages
189-204issue
2-3eissn
0171-9335issn
1618-1298pii
S0171-9335(04)00068-8journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Despite its frequent inactivation in human breast cancers, the role of p21(Cip1) (p21) in morphological plasticity of normal mammary epithelial cells is still poorly understood. To address this question, we have investigated the consequences of p21 silencing in two-dimensional (2D) morphogenesis of untransformed human...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.03.002
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Formation of the complete spindles during the budding process of Saccharomyces uvarum was investigated by fluorescence microscopy of protoplasted cells. Protoplasts were treated with anti-tubulin antibodies and DAPI, a fluorescent dye staining DNA. Thus, both chromatin and spindles could be visualized. Duplication as ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Embryonic stem (ES) cells are omnipotent; they can differentiate into every cell type of the body. The development of culture conditions that allow their differentiation has made it conceivable to produce large numbers of cells with lineage-specific characteristics in vitro. Here, we describe a method by which murine ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2007.07.001
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is known to mediate angiogenic effects in endothelial cells. The underlying mechanisms, however, remain largely unknown. In this study, we showed that LPS induced high motility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) secretion in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). Knockdown and over...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2017.07.004
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a tryptophan metabolite in the kynurenine pathway, is protective against various insults. However, the molecular mechanism of this protective effect has not been identified. In this study, we examined the protective effects of KYNA against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), the best-character...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.003
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In solid body tissues, environmental biomechanics is indispensable for tissue homeostasis. While characteristics of homeostasis include morphogenesis, proliferation and differentiation, the influences through biomechanics in corneal keratinocytes are poorly understood. Here we show for the first time that corneal kera...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Confluent bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) formed a cobblestone-shaped cell monolayer when cultured on a collagen gel in a 1:1 mixture of Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and Ham's-F12 supplemented with 5% newborn calf serum. Within a few days, however, they lost cell-cell attachment and became fibroblastic. ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously demonstrated the immunofluorescent localization of the tau and HMW MAPS on microtubules in vivo. When cells were treated with the non-ioni detergent triton before fixation, however treated with the non-ionic detergent triton before fixation, however, the immunofluorescent staining of microtubules wi...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seminal roots are initiated at the scutellar node during maize (Zea mays L.) embryo development. The maize mutant rtcs (rootless concerning crown and seminal roots) does not initiate seminal roots while its wild-type siblings form on average 2.9 seminal roots per seedling. In this study, proteome profiles of 25-day-ol...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2009.11.014
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Actin and tubulins of Phytophthora infestans germlings were detected with monoclonal antibodies on Western blots of crude extracts separated by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The Mr of actin was approximately 43,000, whereas alpha- and beta-tubulin, which migrated...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The tumor-promoting drug 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA) causes the loss of myofibrils in primary cultures of chick embryonic myotubes [9]. When myofibrils in chick myotubes are dispersed by TPA treatment (5 X 10(-8) M), there remains a class of non-myofibrillar actin filaments that are sensitive to subse...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Leydig cells in developing fetal pig testis contained during the fetal regressive phase large accumulations of intermediate filaments. Before and after this period these filaments were arranged in a criss-cross fashion. In the pig as well as in the dog testis these filaments have been characterized as vimentin. Within...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The organelles of the endocytic and autophagic pathways were studied in HeLa cells using immunoelectron microscopy and stereological techniques. In the absence of autophagic stimulation, characteristic particulate structures containing closely packed layers of membrane received the fluid-phase marker horseradish perox...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:HeLa cells were treated with different concentrations of an inhibitor of the proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity, the peptidyl aldehyde N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Ile-Glu(O-t-butyl)-Ala-leucinal (PSI). A detailed analysis, which included flow cytometry, cell counting and morphological assessment, was performed. PSI treatme...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rabbit antisera against homogeneous rat liver thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase (NADPH-oxidized thioredoxin oxidoreductase, E.C. 1.6.4.5) were prepared and used for immunohistochemical analysis in adult rats. Immunoreactive thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase were widely distributed in tissues and organs, but va...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vinculin, discovered in 1979 (Geiger, 1979), is an adapter protein with binding sites for more than 15 proteins. Biochemical and structural analyses have contributed to detailed knowledge about potential binding partners and the understanding of how their binding may be regulated. Despite all this information the mole...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.06.007
更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In response to mitochondrial damage, mitochondria activate mitochondrial dynamics to maintain normal functions, and an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics triggers multiple programmed cell death processes. Recent studies have shown that phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) is associated with mitochondrial damage. PGAM5 a...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151144
更新日期：2020-12-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, we have described the developmental expression of the small heat shock proteins (sHsps) Hsp27/HspB1 and alphaB-crystallin/HspB5 in different tissues of pigs from almost full-term foetuses to three years old adults (P. Tallot, J. F. Grongnet, J. C. David, Biol. Neonate, 83, 281-288, 2003). The data described ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1078/0171-9335-00337
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Filamentous networks were isolated from rat liver and studied by electron microscopy after negative staining with uranyl acetate. Highly purified preparations of networks were used to obtain material for immunological studies, but morphological studies were made more satisfactorily on preparations purified only by suc...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human enteric α-defensins (HD5 and HD6), major antimicrobial peptides produced by Paneth cells in the intestine, play important roles in intestinal innate immunity. Since their expression is decreased in Crohn's disease (CD), with decreased expression being more pronounced in the presence of NOD2 mutations, it would b...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2014.10.007
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The presence of actin in eukaryotic nuclei, and, especially, its functional significance has not been well established. We have found that under routine immunocytochemical conditions, no actin can be detected in insect follicle cell nuclei by means of antibody (both mono- and polyclonal) or phalloidin staining. Howeve...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The signal transduction pathways of chondrocyte area expansion and migration under periodic mechanical stress remain a matter of debate. We explore this question by performing cell culture experiments in our self-developed periodic stress field and perfusion culture system. Under periodic mechanical stress, we find th...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2010.04.005
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The milk yeast Kluyveromyces lactis is an alternative model yeast to the well established Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The cell wall of these fungi consists of polysaccharides (i.e. long chains of β-1,3- and β-1,6-linked sugar chains and some chitin) and mannoproteins, both of which are continually adapted to environment...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2011.04.005
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The P446L mutant Drosophila importin-beta (P446L-imp-beta) has been reported to prohibit--in dominant negative fashion--nuclear envelope (NE) assembly. Along elucidating the mode of action of P446L-imp-beta we studied in vitro NE assembly on Sepharose beads. While Drosophila embryo extracts support NE assembly over Se...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1078/0171-9335-00324
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The v-mos oncogene product has the ability to induce differentiation in human monocytic leukemia U937 cells, thereby arresting cell proliferation, and also exhibits transforming activity in mouse NIH3T3 cells. Mutation in the v-mos gene consisting of one or two amino acid substitutions in the putative ATP-binding doma...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nuclear lamins are karyophilic proteins located at the nucleoplasmic surface of the inner nuclear membrane. We have constructed mutants immediately N-terminal to the nuclear localization signal of human lamin A to identify sites regulating the nuclear transport of the protein. Using an in vitro transport assay, we...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Feeding weanling mice a diet containing 0.5% (w/w) cuprizone (biscyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) induced megamitochondria of a different type of that previously described (Suzuki, K., Science 163, 81-82 (1969). 2. As in the normal controls, a single population of mitochondria with a narrow size distribution, was det...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1980-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Next to the already available mouse monoclonal and laboratory animal-derived polyclonal antibodies, recombinant antibodies offer an additional and virtually unlimited arsenal of new immunohistochemical research tools. The major advantages of recombinant antibodies are their rapid and easy generation against virtually ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2004.12.025
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Programmed cell death (PCD) is the regulated removal of cells within an organism and plays a fundamental role in growth and development in nearly all eukaryotes. In animals, the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has aided in elucidating many of the pathways involved in the cell death process. Various ...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ejcb.2012.02.002
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human HeLa or SkHep1 cells, defective in intercellular communication through gap junctions, were transfected with coding sequences of murine connexin40 (Cx40) and -43. The transfected cells were restored in gap junctional coupling as shown by 100-fold increased electrical conductance. When studied by the double whole-...
journal_title：European journal of cell biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
