Inflammatory process in Parkinson's disease: role for cytokines.

Abstract:

:Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder caused by degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and the resultant deficiency in the neurotransmitter DA at the nerve terminals in the striatum. We and other investigators found increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6, and decreased levels of neurotrophins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the nigrostriatal region of postmortem brains and/or in the ventricular or lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with sporadic PD, and in animal models, such as 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)- and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PD. These changes in cytokine and neurotrophin levels may be initiated by activated microglia, which may then promote apoptotic cell death and subsequent phagocytosis of DA neurons. Cytokines as pleiotropic factors, promote signals that either lead to cell death or exert neuroprotective effects. The discovery of toxic changes in trophic microglia by M. Sawada and co-workers is important to this point. Ultimately, microglial cells may regulate cellular changes that cause either harm or benefit by producing cytokines or neurotrophins depending upon the primary cause and the circumstances during the inflammatory process of PD.

journal_name

Curr Pharm Des

authors

Nagatsu T,Sawada M

doi

10.2174/1381612053381620

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-01-01 00:00:00

pages

999-1016

issue

8

eissn

1381-6128

issn

1873-4286

journal_volume

11

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Can mycobacterial genomics generate novel targets as speed-breakers against the race for drug resistance.

    abstract::The rise of multi-drug resistant and extensively drug resistant M. tuberculosis around the world poses a great threat to human health, and necessitates development of new, effective and inexpensive anti-tubercular agents. The availability of knowledge on molecular biology of M. tuberculosis infection coupled with whol...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612819666131118165427

    authors: Chauhan RS,Chanumolu SK,Rout C,Shrivastava R

    更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00

  • Novel ligands: fine tuning the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor.

    abstract::Glucocorticoids are the first line medication used in the therapy of many severe inflammatory disorders. They exert their activity through binding to the glucocorticoid receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor, and result in either activation or repression of a large set of glucocorticoid responsive genes. Th...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612043383610

    authors: Schulz M,Eggert M

    更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00

  • Radioimmunotherapy of cancer: using monoclonal antibodies to target radiotherapy.

    abstract::After years of pre-clinical and clinical testing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) finally offer new therapeutic choices for patients with haematological and solid malignancies both as unconjugated antibody and as vectors to target radionuclides in radioimmunotherapy (RIT). In recent years some of the most exciting clinica...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612003399257

    authors: Illidge TM,Brock S

    更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00

  • Polysaccharide Colloids as Smart Vehicles in Cancer Therapy.

    abstract::Cancer disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new cases and around 8 million cancer-related deaths yearly. Estimates expect to increase these figures over the next few years. Therefore, it is very important to develop more effective and targeted therapi...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612821666150820100812

    authors: Caro C,Pozo D

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Anti-inflammatory heat shock protein 70 genes are positively associated with human survival.

    abstract::A positive relationship between stress tolerance and longevity has been observed in several model systems. That the same correlation is applicable in humans and that it may be open to experimental manipulation for extending human lifespan requires studies on association of stress genes with longevity. The involvement ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/138161210790883499

    authors: Singh R,Kølvraa S,Bross P,Christensen K,Bathum L,Gregersen N,Tan Q,Rattan SI

    更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00

  • Recent Updates in the Computer Aided Drug Design Strategies for the Discovery of Agonists and Antagonists of Adenosine Receptors.

    abstract:: ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 社论

    doi:10.2174/1381612825999190515120510

    authors: Deb PK

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Animal models to study plaque vulnerability.

    abstract::The need to identify and characterize vulnerable atherosclerotic lesions in humans has lead to the development of various animal models of plaque vulnerability. In this review, current concepts of the vulnerable plaque as it leads to an acute coronary event are described, such as plaque rupture, erosion, intraplaque h...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161207780487575

    authors: Schapira K,Heeneman S,Daemen MJ

    更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D: A Micronutrient Regulating Genes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:At sufficient sun exposure, humans can synthesize vitamin D3 endogenously in their skin, but today's lifestyle makes the secosteroid a true vitamin that needs to be taken up by diet or supplementation with pills. The vitamin D3 metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 acts as a nuclear hormone activating the tra...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190705193227

    authors: Carlberg C

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Vitamin D and Sleep Regulation: Is there a Role for Vitamin D?

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Vitamin D exerts multiple pleiotropic effects beyond its role in calcium-phosphate metabolism. Growing evidence suggests an association between hypovitaminosis D and sleep disorders, thus increasing the interest in the role of this vitamin in the regulatory mechanisms of the sleep-wake cycle. OBJECTIVE:The ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200310145935

    authors: Romano F,Muscogiuri G,Di Benedetto E,Zhukouskaya VV,Barrea L,Savastano S,Colao A,Di Somma C

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Bioactivity Prediction Based on Matched Molecular Pair and Matched Molecular Series Methods.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Enhancing a compound's biological activity is the central task for lead optimization in small molecules drug discovery. However, it is laborious to perform many iterative rounds of compound synthesis and bioactivity tests. To address the issue, it is highly demanding to develop high quality in silico bioacti...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200427111309

    authors: Ding X,Cui C,Wang D,Zhao J,Zheng M,Luo X,Jiang H,Chen K

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of Long Non-coding RNA CTD-2574D22.4 Alleviates LPS-induced Apoptosis and Inflammatory Injury of Chondrocytes.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disease characterized by cartilage degeneration. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been associated with inflammatory diseases, including OA. Here, we investigated the potential molecular role of lncRNAs in OA pathogenesis. METHODS:ATDC5 cells were treated with lipopol...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612825666190801141801

    authors: Li L,Zhang L,Zhang Y,Jiang D,Xu W,Zhao H,Huang L

    更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00

  • Green Enabling Technologies for Competitive Synthesis of Pharmaceutical Lead Compounds.

    abstract::Combinations of different technologies are at the heart of the development and implementation of new, innovative processes and approaches for Industry 4.0 in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Process intensification and advances in high-throughput synthetic techniques can dramatically improve reacti...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.2174/1381612826999201116163951

    authors: Tagliapietra S,Binello A,Bucciol F,Trukhan V,Colia M,Cravotto G

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Virtual Screening Techniques and Current Computational Infrastructures.

    abstract::The drug discovery process in general is a very resource intensive undertaking that has existed for a very long time. In the last two decades, performing molecular simulations that determine the level of interaction between a protein and ligand have been refined to the point where they are now an essential part of the...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666160414142530

    authors: Haga JH,Ichikawa K,Date S

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Effects of High Intensity Statin Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic Dyslipidemia in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Diabetic dyslipidemia has specifics that differ from dyslipidemia in patients without diabetes, which contributes to accelerated atherosclerosis equally as dysglycemia. The aim of this study was to deduce the interdependence of diabetic dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), therapeutic strategies a...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666171227215708

    authors: Vavlukis M,Kedev S

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Radiopharmaceuticals for oncology drug development: a pharmaceutical industry perspective.

    abstract::Oncology remains an increasingly important focus of therapeutic development yet there remain many scientific and operational bottlenecks to deliver optimum treatments efficiently. Radiopharmaceuticals constitute a group of methodologies able to support the many stages of drug development. Methods such as [(18)F]-FDG-P...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161209787581977

    authors: Murphy PS,Bergström M

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Role of copper in prion diseases: deleterious or beneficial?

    abstract::Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with conformational conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) into an isoform designated PrP(Sc). The pathogenic mechanism that links this conformational distortion with the development of prion diseases is unknown. PrP(C) is a GPI-anchored cell s...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206777698873

    authors: Varela-Nallar L,González A,Inestrosa NC

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Implications of the molecular basis of prostacyclin biosynthesis and signaling in pharmaceutical designs.

    abstract::Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) is one of the major vascular protectors against thrombosis and vasoconstriction, caused by thromboxane A(2). Understanding the molecular mechanisms of PGI(2) biosynthesis and signaling is crucial to the development of therapeutic approaches to regulate PGI(2) functions. This review provides infor...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206776055994

    authors: Ruan KH,Dogné JM

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • Neuregulin1 as novel therapy for heart failure.

    abstract::Neuregulin1 proteins (NRG1s) are epidermal growth factor (EGF) family members which are ligands for the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). A decade of research has revealed that the NRG1-ErbB signaling is essential for the cardiac development and pivotal for maintaining the physiological function of the adult hear...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161211796391010

    authors: Yan X,Morgan JP

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • Ghrelin as a potential anti-obesity target.

    abstract::In order to develop an effective pharmacological treatment for obesity, an endogenous factor that promotes a positive energy balance by increasing appetite and decreasing fat oxidation could represent the drug target scientists have been looking for. The recently discovered gastric endocrine agent ghrelin, which appea...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612033454748

    authors: Horvath TL,Castañeda T,Tang-Christensen M,Pagotto U,Tschöp MH

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Soft Biomaterial-based Nanocrystal in Pharmaceutical.

    abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Bio-soft material, a class of derivatives of the natural or synthetic material, is getting more and more prevalent in biomedical researches and applications due to the advantages such as in-vivo biodegradation, good water solubility and designable targeting ability. With the presence of bio-sof...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666180515154848

    authors: Chen N,Su T,Cheng Z,An F

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Protein: ligand recognition: simple models for electrostatic effects.

    abstract::Free energy simulations are a powerful tool to study molecular recognition. The most rigorous variants can provide in depth understanding for a particular system, but are not suited for high throughput application to large libraries of compounds. Related, but less expensive methods are increasingly popular, including ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612811319230008

    authors: Simonson T

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Exploiting substrate recognition for selective inhibition of protein kinases.

    abstract::Protein kinases are potential targets of drugs to treat many human diseases. Intensive efforts have been made to develop protein kinase inhibitors, but a major challenge is achieving specificity. Exploiting regulatory elements outside the ATP binding pocket, such as the substrate binding site, may provide an alternati...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161212800672741

    authors: Licht-Murava A,Eldar-Finkelman H

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Journey to the Center of the Cell: Current Nanocarrier Design Strategies Targeting Biopharmaceuticals to the Cytoplasm and Nucleus.

    abstract::New biopharmaceutical molecules, potentially able to provide more personalized and effective treatments, are being identified through the advent of advanced synthetic biology strategies, sophisticated chemical synthesis approaches, and new analytical methods to assess biological potency. However, translation of many o...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612822666151216151420

    authors: Munsell EV,Ross NL,Sullivan MO

    更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00

  • Nitric oxide in asthma therapy.

    abstract::The discovery of the delicate role of endogenous nitric oxide in the homeostasis of various cellular functions and the dynamic behaviour of the airways, has led to a new, rapidly progressing area of physiological science, that has direct bearing for our understanding of multiple airway diseases. The potentially protec...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206778194141

    authors: Folkerts G,Nijkamp FP

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • A redox pathway leading to the alkylation of nucleic acids by doxorubicin and related anthracyclines: application to the design of antitumor drugs for resistant cancer.

    abstract::Doxorubicin has been a constituent of antitumor drug protocols for a broad spectrum of cancers for more than two decades. Side effects and resistance continue to be important limitations. Drug targets responsible for both side effects and anti-tumor activity are cell membrane receptors, cell membrane lipids, nucleic a...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:

    authors: Taatjes DJ,Fenick DJ,Gaudiano G,Koch TH

    更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00

  • Olfactory Loss Management in View of Avicenna: Focus on Neuroprotective Plants.

    abstract:BACKGROUND:Loss of olfaction can cause noticeable reduction in general quality of life. Only a small portion of patients with olfactory loss respond to current medications. Thus, development of novel therapeutic strategies seems to be necessary. Looking into traditional medical knowledge can be of great value in addres...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612823666170316122949

    authors: Sinaei F,Emami SA,Sahebkar A,Javadi B

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00

  • Microbiota and Alcohol Use Disorder: Are Psychobiotics a Novel Therapeutic Strategy?

    abstract::In recent years, there has been an exciting focus of research attempting to understand neuropsychiatric disorders from a holistic perspective in order to determine the role of gut microbiota in the aetiology and pathogenesis of such disorders. Thus, the possible therapeutic benefits of targeting gut microbiota are bei...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612826666200122153541

    authors: Rodriguez-Gonzalez A,Orio L

    更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00

  • Metallothionein: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

    abstract::Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation within the gastrointestinal tract. It is a multifactorial disease associated with immune-cell mediated oxidative damage to the intestinal mucosa. There is no cure for IBD, but anti-cytokine therapy can limit target inflammat...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612824666180717110236

    authors: Dostie KE,Thees AV,Lynes MA

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Pharmacophore identification and quantitative bioactivity prediction using the electron-conformational method.

    abstract::A review of the Electron-Conformational (EC) method of pharmacophore (Pha) identification and quantitative bioactivity prediction in drug design and toxicology is presented, which includes the latest advances and improvements of the method as a whole and details of its realization with illustration of results. In the ...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/1381612033454586

    authors: Bersuker IB

    更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00

  • Gamma-secretase as a pharmacological target in Alzheimer disease research: when, why and how?

    abstract::Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by excessive deposition of amyloid beta-peptides (Abeta peptides) in the form of senile plaques as well as neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. In the amyloidogenic pathway, the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by beta-secretase first, followed by gamma-se...

    journal_title:Current pharmaceutical design

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.2174/138161206778792994

    authors: Ziani-Cherif C,Mostefa-Kara B,Brixi-Gormat FZ

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00