Abstract:
:Since the introduction of blood analysis performed before major cycling events in 1997, there have been discussions concerning the quality of the results. The aim of our study therefore was to measure blood samples and compare the results obtained on the field with those obtained in the laboratory. For this it was necessary to have blood samples analysed with different instruments to determine the exactness of the results and evaluate the performances of these instruments in order to validate the haematological testing used to reveal athletes abusing recombinant erythropoietin. We report on the haematological analysis of 177 professional cyclists who took part in the Tour de France 2001. All the blood samples were withdrawn in the morning between 7 and 9 am in Dunkerque (France) and were analysed immediately with a transportable analyser. Then the samples were flown to Lausanne (Switzerland) and were reanalysed in two independent ISO 17 025 accredited laboratories with three different analysers. The results confirmed that the most effective haematological follow-up should be performed under standardized pre-analytical conditions and with identical analysers of the same manufacturer to avoid too many variations notably on the haematocrit level and the reticulocyte count. Furthermore, this study suggests that analyses performed on the site are good and could enable the federations to perform a urinary test to detect rhEPO abuse right after the blood analysis. This time saving is essential to fight efficiently recombinant erythropoietin doping, because the half life of the hormone is very short.
journal_name
Int J Sports Medjournal_title
International journal of sports medicineauthors
Robinson N,Schattenberg L,Zorzoli M,Mangin P,Saugy Mdoi
10.1055/s-2004-830495subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-04-01 00:00:00pages
200-7issue
3eissn
0172-4622issn
1439-3964journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章abstract::MR measurements can be accurately performed during 4486 km of running, opening a window into in vivo assessment of hindfoot articular cartilage under extreme ultra-endurance loading. This observational cross-sectional study included 22 randomized participants of TransEurope FootRace between Italy and the North Cape, w...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0043-118008
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to understand if sport improves attention symptoms, social competency, and cognitive functions in children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The present study was designed as a 6-week, prospective trial, including 12 sessions of education/sports therapy. 13 ADHD...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1283175
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Over the past 25 years sport climbing has developed from an elite extreme sport subculture pursued by few into a mainstream recreational sport enjoyed globally by climbers of all ages, climbing abilities, and with pre-existing health conditions. As the demands and grades of climbing difficulty have increased over this...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1112143
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rhinitis has been demonstrated to impose a significant disease burden upon the general population. We sought to determine the prevalence of rhinitis in athletes; to investigate its relationship with co-existing allergic symptoms; and to quantify the impact of rhinitis on quality of life in the athlete.3 subgroups were...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-108200
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The major objective in this study was a comparison of the motor performance of young male smokers and non-smokers. We tested the endurance capacity, maximal isometric strength, speed of whole-body movements, flexibility and balancing ability of 74 smokers and 118 non-smokers. Then we measured the balancing ability, th...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021048
更新日期:1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that full recovery from weight loss may take months or years. The present investigation examined short-term recovery (5 wks "post") of physical performance (muscular strength, muscular power, vertical jump), body composition, metabolic hormones (testosterone, luteinizing hormone, sex...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-972640
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of 60 h without sleep upon maximal oxygen intake was examined in 12 young women, using a cycle ergometer protocol. The arousal of the subjects was maintained by requiring the performance of a sequence of cognitive tasks throughout the experimental period. Well-defined oxygen intake plateaus were obtained bo...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024936
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability of a pre-loaded 1 500-m treadmill time trial, conducted in moderate normobaric hypoxia. 8 trained runners/triathletes (24±3 years, 73.2±8.1 kg, 182.5±6.5 cm, altitude specific V˙O2max: 52.9±5.5 ml·kg(-1)·min(-1)) completed 3 trials (the first as a familiarisation...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-108651
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a periosteum patch could enhance polyethylene terephthalate (PET) artificial ligament graft osseointegration in a bone tunnel. 12 female goats underwent ACL reconstruction with a PET artificial ligament graft in the right knees. Right knees in 6 goats were reconstruc...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0042-102258
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The total number of leucocytes, T lymphocyte subsets, mitogen induced proliferation of lymphocytes, Il-2 generation, adherence capacity and chemiluminescence of granulocytes were measured and a leukergy test performed in fifteen young cyclists. The investigations were carried out at rest at the beginning of a training...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021067
更新日期:1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Controversy exists as to whether plasma volume (PV) expansion has the potential to increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). In the present study, VO2max and exercise time to fatigue were measured in nine untrained men when plasma volume (PV) was normal and then again on the next day following two levels of PV expansio...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024774
更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ratio between the amount of hemoglobin in the mature erythrocyte population and the reticulocytes (RBCHb:RetHb ratio) has previously been suggested as a marker to screen for EPO-abuse. We speculated that the reinfusion of blood would lead to a marked increase in this ratio, making it a valuable parameter in the sc...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1105938
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study was undertaken to determine which of the two commonly used field tests, the 20-meter shuttle run test (20-MST) or the University of Montreal track test (UM-TT), provides the most accurate assessment of maximal and functional aerobic capacity in moderately trained athletes. Eleven male subjects aged from 18 ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021261
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The principal aim of our study was the determination of the effectiveness of a standardized ratio, allometric scaling model and a gamma function model in normalizing the isometric torque data of spinal cord patients and healthy subjects. For this purpose we studied a sample of 21 healthy males and 23 spinal cord injur...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0032-1301889
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to determine long term changes in shoulder and elbow joints of former elite javelin throwers. Twenty-one elite javelin throwers were examined at an average of 19 years after the end of their high performance phase. Mean age at examination was 50 years. Functional assessment of both shoulders ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2001-13814
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors present dermatological signs in: a) rhythmic gymnastics athletes, b) male artistic gymnastics athletes, compared to a control group of fitness athletes. Athletes from the artistic gymnastics group were observed twice. The signs they showed on their first examination (20 days previous to the competition) we...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-815714
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key compound for induction of angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) administration on VEGF mRNA expression in the rat soleus muscle after jumping training. ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1234058
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::We investigated the effects of vibration (35 Hz, 45 Hz and 55 Hz) as countermeasure locally applied to unloading hind limbs on bone, muscle and Achilles tendon. 40 female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8, each): tail-suspension (TS), TS plus 35 Hz/0.3 g vibration (TSV35), TS plus 45 Hz/0.3 g vibrati...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1358468
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of age on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscle strength and heart rate (HR) response to exercise adaptation in women in response to a long-term twice-weekly combined aerobic and resistance exercise program. 85 sedentary women, divided into young (YG; n=22, 30....
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1351332
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to evaluate a mechanism which may be responsible for the often observed acute increase in residual lung volume (RV) following exercise, 12 non-smoking males (20-30 yrs) performed two bouts of exercise on separate days; one to maximal heart rate (HRmax) and one to 85% of HRmax for 20 min. Prior to exercise and...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021039
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the validity of the CSA activity monitor for assessment of the total amount of physical activity in adolescent athletes. Activity data were compared to data on daily energy expenditure and its derivatives measured by the doubly labeled water method. Seven athletes (speed skaters) with a mean ag...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2000-8487
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 16-week dance-based aerobic exercise program on lymphocyte function in healthy and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) women. We enrolled 23 women: 11 with T2DM and 12 non-diabetic controls. Initially, we performed anthropometry and body composition measurements, afterwards,...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-1309-2037
更新日期:2020-12-15 00:00:00
abstract::During rowing, the respiratory musculature is confronted with dual demands: assisting the propulsive force generation and as the effector for ventilatory control. We determined the pulmomechanical and breathing pattern features of rowing-induced hyperpnea in five national class rowers (18 years old). Each subject perf...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021217
更新日期:1993-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The study was performed on healthy volunteers subjected to submaximal physical exercise (75% VO2max). Activities of catalase (CT) (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) (EC 1.11.1.9), superoxide dismutase (ZnCu-SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) concentration in blood platelets before and after physic...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1024655
更新日期:1991-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the relationship between sports participation/physical activity during youth (13 - 18 years of age) and adulthood (30 - 40 years of age), and cardiovascular risk factors (body fat and fat distribution, blood pressure, lipoprotein levels and cardiorespiratory fitness) at 40 years of age. Subject...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2002-28459
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to: (1) verify the aerobic requirement (AR) of bench stepping (BS); (2) determine the effect of leg length (LL), bench height (BH), stepping rate (SR), body weight (BW), and fat free mass (FFM) on the AR of BS; and (3) compare the HR and VO2 of BS with treadmill walking/running (TM). Twen...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1055/s-2007-1021156
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study evaluated the respiratory effects of a single dive in children. Eighteen young divers and 18 controls participated in our study (age range: 9 - 13 years). Volumes and expiratory flow rates were measured 20 minutes before and 10 minutes after one air dive (3 meters, 25 minutes). Before the dive, no differenc...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2006-923810
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several studies have established that systemic sclerosis patients have a reduced exercise capacity when compared to healthy individuals. It is relevant to evaluate whether aerobic exercise in systemic sclerosis patients is a safe and effective intervention to improve aerobic capacity. Seven patients without pulmonary ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1224180
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::During an overhead throw, the gluteal muscle group stabilizes the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC), leading to efficient energy transfer from the lower to upper extremity. It has been shown that LPHC instability can lead to throwing pathomechanics. The single leg squat has become a common assessment for LPHC stability, ...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/a-0577-3722
更新日期:2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) measured during a progressive exercise test on a cycle ergometer and ultra-endurance performance. 61 male ironman athletes (age: 35±1 yrs. [23-47 yrs.], with a BMI of 23.6±0.3 kg/m2 [20.0-30.1 kg/m2], a body fat p...
journal_title:International journal of sports medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0043-117178
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00