Abstract：
:Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired lower respiratory tract infections include acute tracheobronchitis and hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Nosocomial pneumonia is the second most common hospital-acquired infection and the leading cause of death in hospital-acquired infections. The mortality rate in VAP ranges from 24% to 76% in several studies. ICU ventilated patients with VAP have a 2- to 10-fold higher risk of death than patients without it. Early oropharyngeal colonization is pivotal in the etiopathogenesis of VAP. The knowledge of risk factors for VAP is important in developing effective preventive programs. Once the physician decides to treat a suspected episode of ICU-acquired pneumonia, some issues should be kept on mind: first, the adequacy of the initial empiric antibiotic therapy; second, the modification of initial inadequate therapy according to microbiological results; third, the benefit of combination therapy; and finally, the duration of the antimicrobial treatment. Additionally, a protocolized work-up to identify the causes of non-response to treatment is mandatory. All these issues are discussed in depth in this article.
journal_name
Microbes Infectjournal_title
Microbes and infectionauthors
Cavalcanti M,Valencia M,Torres Adoi
10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.001subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-02-01 00:00:00pages
292-301issue
2eissn
1286-4579issn
1769-714Xpii
S1286-4579(04)00357-0journal_volume
7pub_type
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.004
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(99)80063-x
更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.04.012
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2007.03.004
更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1286-4579(01)01389-2
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2010.09.007
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2005.11.018
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2012.09.006
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2006.08.003
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two strains of mice selected according to extreme phenotypes of susceptibility and resistance to oral tolerance (TS and TR mice, respectively) were infected with 1 x 10(7) Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and studied comparatively. TS mice developed a minor pathology while permitting parasite growth with the prese...
journal_title：Microbes and infection
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.micinf.2005.09.018
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
