Strategies and methods for research on sex differences in brain and behavior.

abstract：:The hypothalamic peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), can efficiently increase cAMP levels in pituitary cells and release a number of pituitary hormones, suggesting an important physiological role for this peptide in pituitary function. Exposure of GH3 rat pituitary cells to PACAP resul...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Coleman DT,Chen X,Sassaroli M,Bancroft C

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Kiss1 gene and its product kisspeptin are important regulators of reproduction. In rodents, Kiss1 is expressed in the hypothalamic arcuate (ARC) and anteroventral periventricular (AVPV)/rostral periventricular (PeN) nuclei. In the AVPV/PeN, females have more Kiss1 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons than males. ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Semaan SJ,Murray EK,Poling MC,Dhamija S,Forger NG,Kauffman AS

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperandrogenism is the central feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Due to the intricate relationship between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in PCOS, 50%-70% of these patients also present with hyperinsulinemia. Metformin, an insulin sensitizer, has been used to reduce insulin resistance and improve ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Lee BH,Indran IR,Tan HM,Li Y,Zhang Z,Li J,Yong EL

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to elucidate potential sites of direct GH action on the kidney, we used in situ hybridization to localize GH receptor (GHR) gene expression during the course of development and in the adult rat. In order to illuminate potential interactions between GH and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in regulating ren...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Chin E,Zhou J,Bondy CA

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of our previous observations indicating that a principle [possibly transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFbeta1)] secreted by type 1 astrocytes may increase the release of LHRH in the GT1 cell line, it was deemed of interest to analyze whether TGFbeta1 might influence LHRH gene expression in addition to LHR...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Galbiati M,Zanisi M,Messi E,Cavarretta I,Martini L,Melcangi RC

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have recently demonstrated that 17beta-estradiol (E2) opposes cytokine-dependent increase of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in rat smooth muscle cells and proposed that this effect might be associated to an antiinflammatory activity of this hormone. In the present study, we examine the E2 effects o...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Cuzzocrea S,Santagati S,Sautebin L,Mazzon E,Calabrò G,Serraino I,Caputi AP,Maggi A

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolactin (Prl) secreting cells in a mixed pituitary cell culture form microscopically-identifiable plaques (zones of hemolysis around the lactotropes) when incubated in a monolayer with staphylococcal protein-A-coated ovine erythrocytes in the presence of Prl antiserum and complement. Plaques form first at 15-30 min ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Neill JD,Frawley LS

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, we demonstrated that estradiol (E(2)) modulates cross-talk between protein tyrosine kinases and norepinephrine (NE) receptor signaling in the hypothalamus (HYP) and preoptic area (POA), brain areas that govern female reproductive function. We are now investigating the identity of protein tyrosine kinase(s) t...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Quesada A,Etgen AM

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tobacco smoking favorably influences the course of Hashimoto thyroiditis, possibly through the antiinflammatory proprieties of nicotine. In this study we tested anatabine, another tobacco alkaloid, in a model of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Experimental autoimmune thyroiditis was induced by different doses of ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Caturegli P,De Remigis A,Ferlito M,Landek-Salgado MA,Iwama S,Tzou SC,Ladenson PW

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the direct effects of glucocorticoids on plasminogen activator (PA) production by rat granulosa cells. PA production was assayed by culturing rat granulosa cells on [125I]fibrin plates and determining the extent of fibrinolysis after addition of the specific substrate plasminogen. In granulosa cells from pr...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Wang C,Leung A

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impaired regulation of hepatic glucose production is a characteristic feature of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of diseases that includes obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. It has been proposed that sustained endoplasmic reticulum stress, which appears to occur in obesity and ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Wang D,Wei Y,Schmoll D,Maclean KN,Pagliassotti MJ

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Similar to insulin, osmotic shock treatment of 3T3-L1 adipocytes causes translocation of GLUT4 protein to the plasma membrane and an increase in glucose transport activity. In our study, we evaluated the effect of chronic insulin treatment on the osmotic shock signaling pathway leading to GLUT4 translocation and gluco...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Janez A,Worrall DS,Olefsky JM

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an intracellular and intercellular messenger in a number of biological systems. In the present study, we demonstrated that NO was produced by cultured rat Leydig cells, and that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) messenger RNA (mRNA) was expressed in Leydig cells. NO was measured a...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Tatsumi N,Fujisawa M,Kanzaki M,Okuda Y,Okada H,Arakawa S,Kamidono S

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetically obese Zucker rats, like obese humans, have normal or elevated circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in the presence of low GH secretion. Hyperinsulinemia, increased energy status, or other nutritional factors associated with obesity could be responsible for these findings directly by incr...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Melián E,Velasco B,Barrios R,Sanchez-Franco F

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rat melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a homolog of the peptide first isolated from salmon pituitary glands which produces melanosome aggregation within melanophores of teleost fish as well as interacting with the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. We have previously characterized the rat and human MCH counterparts as i...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Parkes D,Vale W

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A method has been developed for the purification of rat placental lactogen employing a specific radioreceptor assay (RRA). The method involves precipitation with ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and CM-Sephadex, and preparative isoelectric focusing. The ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Roberston MC,Friesen HG

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Basal serum gonadotropin levels were monitored weekly in female hamsters from birth to 10 weeks of age. Hamsters raised on three different photoperiods presented uniform pre- and postpubertal patterns of serum LH and FSH, suggesting that gonadotropin release in the young hamster occurs independently of ambient photope...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Smith SG 3rd,Matt KS,Prestowitz WF,Stetson MH

更新日期：1982-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although LHRH can stimulate the release of both LH and FSH from the pituitary, there are a number of instances in which the secretion of LH and FSH are divergent. Previous studies from our laboratory have indicated that pulsatile LH and FSH secretion are independently regulated by gonadal factors. We have, therefore, ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Culler MD,Negro-Vilar A

更新日期：1986-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present studies investigated whether insulin inhibits the stimulatory effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on angiotensinogen (ANG) gene expression and induction of hypertrophy in rat immortalized renal proximal tubular cells (IRPTCs) in a high-glucose milieu. Rat IRPTCs were cultured in monolayer. ANG and ANG mRNA expre...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Zhang SL,Chen X,Wei CC,Filep JG,Tang SS,Ingelfinger JR,Chan JS

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Levels of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin were measured by RIA in the hypothalamus, pituitary, and plasma of infant rats (2-30 days old). At all ages, ip injection of a hypertonic solution of 5 g/100 ml NaCl produced a marked increase in levels of vasopressin and neurophpysin in plasma, up to 21 microU/ml and 5...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Singinq C,Robinson AG,Seif SM

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nuclear binding of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors was measured in an in vitro cell-free system, using various mixtures of cytosols and nuclei from uteri of mature (6-9 month old) and senescent (24-25 month old) Wistar rats. Both nuclei and cytoplasmic receptors from senescent uteri were 25-35% less efficient in suppor...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Chuknyiska RS,Haji M,Foote RH,Roth GS

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major changes in pancreatic islet function during pregnancy and after exposure to lactogens are an increase in beta-cell proliferation and enhanced insulin secretion. In this study we examined INS-1 cells as a potential model for further inquiry into PRL signaling in beta-cells. Proliferation of beta-cells, insuli...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Stout LE,Svensson AM,Sorenson RL

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To elucidate the roles of the hypothalamic peptides, GH-releasing hormone (GRH) and somatostatin (SRIH), potentially responsible for altered GH dynamics in diabetes, we studied the time courses of their changes in level associated with altered GH secretion in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Diabetic mice w...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Murao S,Sato M,Tamaki M,Niimi M,Ishida T,Takahara J

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Preincubation of rat pituitary cells in primary culture with rat GH-releasing factor (rGRF) resulted in substantial desensitization to subsequent GRF stimulation. rGRF-directed GH release and intracellular cAMP accumulation decreased in the desensitized cells. Whereas prior treatment of rat pituitary cells caused part...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Ceda GP,Hoffman AR

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-methyl-D,L,-aspartate (NMA), an analog of the excitatory neurotransmitter aspartate, has been previously shown to acutely stimulate LH release in the rodent and primate. In this study, we examine the effect of NMA on LH secretion in the long term ovariectomized adult rhesus monkey. After a 3-h control period, three ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Reyes A,Luckhaus J,Ferin M

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The corpora lutea of pregnancy in the rat are highly dependent on the action of PRL and PRL-like hormones to hypertrophy and to produce progesterone needed for the maintenance of gestation. Two forms of the PRL receptor (PRL-R), designated as long (PRL-RL) and short (PRL-RS), have been described in rat tissues. To det...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Telleria CM,Parmer TG,Zhong L,Clarke DL,Albarracin CT,Duan WR,Linzer DI,Gibori G

更新日期：1997-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As part of an ongoing investigation of the role of metabolic activation of estrogens in the genesis of cancers such as estrogen-induced renal tumors in hamsters, we have 1) determined steroid-17 beta-oxidoreductase activity of microsomes and cytosol prepared from hamster kidney and liver; 2) compared the rates of 2-, ...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Zhu BT,Bui QD,Weisz J,Liehr JG

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously examined the segregation patterns of two polymorphic restriction enzyme sites for EcoRI and HindIII in the 3'-flanking region of human CG-alpha gene in placenta and choriocarcinoma. We observed that a unique combination of restriction sites predominates in choriocarcinoma while this pattern was rare in p...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Otani T,Boime I

更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are now robust data supporting the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) paradigm. This includes human and animal data focusing on nutrition or environmental chemicals during development. However, the term DOHaD has not been generally accepted as the official term to be used when one is concerned w...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Heindel JJ,Balbus J,Birnbaum L,Brune-Drisse MN,Grandjean P,Gray K,Landrigan PJ,Sly PD,Suk W,Cory Slechta D,Thompson C,Hanson M

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Kisspeptin (encoded by the Kiss1 gene) is an important regulator of reproduction. In rodents, Kiss1 is expressed in two hypothalamic regions, the arcuate nucleus and anteroventral periventricular/ periventricular continuum, where it is regulated by sex steroids. However, the distribution, regulation, and functional si...

journal_title：Endocrinology

authors： Kim J,Semaan SJ,Clifton DK,Steiner RA,Dhamija S,Kauffman AS

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00